Title: Theory / Unimportant / CS / Programming / C++ / Manual / Norm / 01 Intro;
Tags: examplesSwitchExample1

Question: C++ is based on the ideas of providing
Answer: direct mappings of built-in operations and types to hardware to provide efficient memory use and efficient low-level operations, and
Page: 9
Chapter: 1
Section: 2
Answer2: affordable and flexible abstraction mechanisms to provide user-defined types with the same notational support, range of uses, and performance as built-in types.

Question: C++ basic principles
Answer: Leave no room for a lower-level language below C++ (except for assembly code in rare cases). If you can write more efficient code in a lower-level language then that language will most likely become the systems programming language of choice.
Page: 10
Chapter: 1
Section: 2
Answer2: What you don’t use you don’t pay for. If programmers can hand-write reasonable code to simulate a language feature or a fundamental abstraction and provide even slightly better performance, someone will do so, and many will imitate. Therefore, a language feature and a fundamental abstraction must be designed not to waste a single byte or a single processor cycle compared to equivalent alternatives. This is known as the zero-overhead principle.

Name: Procedural programming
Definition: programming focused on processing and the design of suitable data structures
Page: 10
Chapter: 1
Section: 2.1

Name: Data abstraction
Definition: programming focused on the design of interfaces, hiding implementation details in general and representations in particular.
Page: 10
Chapter: 1
Section: 2.1

Name: Object-oriented programming
Definition: programming focused on the design, implementation, and use of class hierarchie
Page: 10
Chapter: 1
Section: 2.1

Name: Generic programming
Definition: programming focused on the design, implementation, and use of algorithms which are designed to accept a wide variety of types as long as they meet the algorithm’s requirements on its arguments.
Page: 10
Chapter: 1
Section: 2.1

Name: The identity of o
Definition: The location in memory of o
Page: 12
Chapter: 1
Section: 2.1
Variables: o an object in C++
Intuition: allowing to distinguish that two objects with equal values are distinct

Question: What is the purpose of type-checking and data-hiding features
Answer: Prevent accidental corruption of data, but not against delibarate one
Page: 13
Chapter: 1
Section: 2.2

Question: Most fundamental activity in C++
Answer: defining a new general-purpose or application-specific type
Page: 15
Chapter: 1
Section: 2.4

Name: t is implementation-defined
Definition: The standard state a set of possible meaning for t, between which an implementation much choose one
Page: 136
Chapter: 6
Section: 1
Variables: t a thing
Context: C++ standard
Example: char is an integer type of at least 8 bits

Name: "t is unspecified"
Definition: The standard state a set of possible meaning for t, between and the implementation does not have to state which behavior is choosen
Page: 136
Chapter: 6
Section: 1
Variables: t a thing
Context: C++ standard
Example: «new» is unspecified

Name: t is undefined
Definition: The standard state that no reasonable behavior is required in an implementation of t
Page: 136
Chapter: 6
Section: 1
Variables: t a thing
Context: C++ standard
Example: Writing in an array at a position greater than the array size

Name: A freestanding implementation
Definition: An implementation which does not provide all of the standard library, but prived at least its minimal part cstddef cfloat limits climits cstdint cstdlib new typeinfo exception initializer_list cstdalign stdarg cstdbool type_traits atomic
Page: 136
Chapter: 6
Section: 1
Context: C++ standard

Name: A hosted implementation
Definition: An implementation which provide all of the standard library
Page: 136
Chapter: 6
Section: 1
Context: C++ standard