Title: Theory / Unimportant / Math / Fact= / Prime
Tags: biases fromDeuxSens
On every note of this deck, unless a note says otherwise:
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Name: contamination
Definition: because of priming completely uninformative, known false, or totally irrelevant "information" can influence estimates and decisions.
especially dangerous because once that fleeting image enters our head then confirmation bias is set in motion
Example: "Is the annual mean temperature in Germany higher or lower than 5 Celsius / 20 Celsius?" Afterward, on a word-identification task, subjects presented with the 5 Celsius anchor were faster on identifying words like "cold" and "snow", while subjects with the high anchor were faster to identify "hot" and "sun".
Example2: subliminally primed with either alphanumeric combinations that recalled the 9/11 WTC attacks (ie "911" or "WTC"), or random alphanumeric combinations. Then they were asked to rate the Bush administration's policies. Those who saw the random strings rated Bush at an unenthusiastic 42% (2.1/5). Those who were primed to be thinking about the War on Terror gave him an astounding 75% (3.75/5).
Example3: Dutch children an image of St. Nicholas' hat, and they'll be more likely to share candy with others. Why? The researchers hypothesize that the hat activates the concept of St. Nicholas, and St. Nicholas activates an idealized concept of sharing and giving. The child is now primed to view sharing positively.
Example4: Your grocery store probably has annoying signs saying "Limit 12 per customer" or "5 for $10". Shown to work.
let's say you walk into a room and notice a briefcase in the corner. Your brain is now the proud owner of the activated concept "briefcase". It is "primed" to think about briefcases, and by extension about offices, business, competition, and ambition. For the next few minutes, you will shift ever so slightly towards perceiving all social interactions as competitive, and towards behaving competitively yourself.

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Name: Florida effect
Definition: two stages of priming. First, the set of words primes thoughts of old age, though the word old is never mentioned; second, these thoughts prime a behavior, walking slowly, which is associated with old age. All this happens without any awareness. When they were questioned afterward, none of the students reported noticing that the words had had a common theme, and they all insisted that nothing they did after the first experiment could have been influenced by the words they had encountered.
Page: 47
Chapter: 3