Title: Theory / Unimportant / CS / Descriptive / LaTeX / More math / Text and math
Tags: hasNotNewEffectReturnsMeaning FromInstruction computer_to_instruction some_instruction fromMath mathToDef mathToSee FromVariables
On every note of this deck, unless a note says otherwise:
Language: Latex

#, $, %, &, ~, _, ^, \, { } , @, " and |
Page: 47
Chapter: 3
Section: 1.2
Name: The special keys

Name: word
Definition: Text separated by space, parenthesis, or ponctuation.
Page: 48
Chapter: 3
Section: 1.2
Context: Latex

Name: Sentence
Definition: Group of word terminated by a period, exclamation point, question mark.
Page: 48
Chapter: 3
Section: 1.2

Name: Paragraph
Definition: Group of sentence terminated by a blank line.
Page: 48
Chapter: 3
Section: 1.2

Q: Commands:
[...] or [...].
A: Blank line; \par
Page: 48
Chapter: 3
Section: 1.2
Name: New Paragraph

Name: Space characters
Definition: space, tab, single newline.
Page: 48
Chapter: 3
Section: 1.2

Name: Interword/intersentence space
Definition: Space separating words/sentence.
Page: 49
Chapter: 3
Section: 2.2

Question: The dot is considered to end a sentence if
Answer: it does not follow a capital letter
Page: 49
Chapter: 3
Section: 2.2

Q: Command and environments takes [...] respectively
A: arguments and contents
Page: 51
Chapter: 3

Q: [...] are enclosed [...].
A: Arguments (resp, optional arguments); in braces {} (resp, in brackets [])
Page: 52
Chapter: 3

Question: After a command, a bracket
Answer: should appear as in {[]} .
Page: 55
Chapter: 3
Section: 3.1

Question: The scope of a command is
Answer: until the innermost right brace in which the command appear.
Page: 55
Chapter: 3
Section: 3.2

Name: command declaration
Definition: A command that declares change.
Page: 57
Chapter: 3
Section: 3.3

Name: Fragile command
Definition: A command that must be protected from damage while being moved.
Page: 57
Chapter: 3
Section: 3.3

Name: hyphen
Definition: short dash,
Page: 58
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.2

Name: en dash
Definition: medium-sized dash,
Page: 58
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.2

Name: em dash
Definition: long dash.
Page: 58
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.2

Name: ligature
Definition: Groups of characters joined together.
Page: 62
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.5

Q: [...]
or
[...].
A: encloze in \text, for a single occurence; in \hyphenation, for each occurences
Page: 65
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.9
Name: Rejecting hyphenation

Question: Hyphenation of hyphenated word
Answer: occurs at the hyphen.
Page: 65
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.9

Question: To avoid hyphenation at the hyphen of hyphenated word:
Answer: \hspace after the hyphen.
Page: 65
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.9

Name: Monospaced font
Definition: All letters have the same width
Page: 71
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.1

Name: Serif
Definition: Small stroke used to finish off a vertical stroke of a letter.
Page: 72
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.1

Name: The weight of \(f\)
Definition: The thickness of the strokes.
Page: 72
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.1
Variables: \(f\) a font

Name: The width of \(f\)
Definition: How wide the characters are.
Page: 72
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.1
Variables: \(f\) a font

Name: The series of \(f\)
Definition: wide and width of \(f\).
Page: 72
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.1
Variables: \(f\) a font

Name: Font family
Definition: The collection of all sizes of a font.
Page: 72
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.1

[latex]\tiny{tiny} [/latex], [latex] \scriptsize{scriptsize} ,[/latex][latex] \footnotesize{footnotesize} ,[/latex] [latex]\small{small} ,[/latex] [latex] \normalsize{normalsize} ,[/latex] [latex] \large{large} , \Large{Large} ,[/latex] [latex] \LARGE{LARGE} ,[/latex] [latex] \huge{huge} ,[/latex] [latex] \Huge{Huge} .[/latex]
Page: 76
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.6
Index: 7
Kind: Table
Extra: Tiny, Small and SMALL are mentionned but not obtained by default

Name: Orthogonal commands
Definition: Commands which can be applied in an arbitrary order, leading to the same results.
Page: 77
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.7
Context: LaTeX

Question: overfull \hbox means
Answer: some things are printed outside of the margin.
Page: 78
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.1

Question: underfull \hbox means
Answer: line break with too little text to create an entire line.
Page: 80
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.1

Variable: \hangafter
Meaning: The number of lines which must not be indented
Page: 82
Language: Latex
Section: 7.2
Chapter: 3
Typ: length

Name: Proportional font
Definition: some letters have different width than others
Page: 331
Chapter: 7
Section: 2.1
Name2: Typographical fonts
Extra: latex Companion Ch 7. 2.1. 331
More math latex. Ch 3. S. 6.1 p 71

Name: Monospaced proportional font
Definition: All letters have not the same width.
Page: 71
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.1

Question: A vertical space is placed
Answer: at the end of the line where the instruction appears (and not directly where the instruction appears)
Page: 87
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.1

Name: em
Chapter: 3
Page: 87
Represents: The width of M in the current font
Section: 8.3

Name: ex
Chapter: 3
Page: 87
Represents: The height of x in the current font
Section: 8.3

Question: How to shift right in a non right-shift environment ?
Answer: \hfill before the text
Page: 88
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.4

Name: A box
Definition: A rectangular element, considered as a single character by the environment.
Page: 88
Chapter: 3
Section: 9

Instruction: \makebox{foo}
Page: 89
Effect: Create a box, with content foo, and does not change size
Context: text mode
Chapter: 3
Section: 9
Abbreviation: \mbox{foo}

Instruction: n\height
Page: 90
Effect: height of the box above the baseline
Context: \mbox first optional argument
Chapter: 3
Section: 9

Instruction: n\depth
Page: 90
Effect: depth of the box above the baseline
Context: \mbox first optional argument
Chapter: 3
Section: 9

Instruction: n\totalheight
Page: 90
Effect: the sum of \height and \depth
Context: \mbox first optional argument
Chapter: 3
Section: 9

Instruction: n\width
Page: 90
Effect: the width of the box
Context: \mbox first optional argument
Chapter: 3
Section: 9

Instruction: \rlap
Page: 90
Effect: Makes a box and pretends that it is of width zero
Chapter: 3
Section: 9

Instruction: \framebox{foo}
Page: 91
Effect: Boxed text
[latex]\fbox{foo}[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 9.2
Abbreviation: \fbox{foo}

Instruction: \parbox{bar}{foo}
Page: 91
Effect: A box with width bar containing the text foo
Chapter: 3
Section: 9.2

Instruction: \framebox{foo}
Page: 91
Effect: Similar to makebox, with a frame around the box
Chapter: 3
Section: 9.2

Instruction: \parbox{foo}{bar}
Page: 92
Effect: A paragraph, of width foo with content bar
Chapter: 3
Section: 9.3

Instruction: first argument
Page: 93
Effect: t to state that the "character" placed on the line so that its vertical
center is aligned with the center of the line.
b for the bottom
c for the center
Context: \parbox
Chapter: 3
Section: 9.3

Instruction: second argument
Page: 93
Effect: The height of the paragraph
Context: \parbox
Chapter: 3
Section: 9.3

Instruction: third optional argument
Page: 93
Effect: the vertical equivalent of the alignment argument for \makebox, determining the position of text within the box and it may be any one of t, b, c, or s, denoting top, bottom, centered, or stretched alignment, respectively.
Chapter: 3
Section: 9.3

Instruction: \marginpar{foo}
Page: 94
Effect: Add foo as a comment on the margin
Chapter: 3
Section: 9.4
Where to use it: text environment

Instruction: \marginparwidth
Page: 94
Effect: The width of the paragraph margin
Chapter: 3
Section: 9.4

Instruction: \rule n m
Page: 94
Effect: End of proof symbol [latex]\rule{1.6ex}{1.6ex}[/latex] with width and height n and m
Chapter: 3
Section: 9.4

Instruction: first optional argument
Page: 94
Effect: Vertical positioning
Context: \rule
Chapter: 3
Section: 9.4

Name: A command name
Definition: A bacskslash followed by a seqence of alphabetic character
Page: 52
Chapter: 3
Context: LaTeX
Definition2: a backslash followed by a single non-alphabetic character,
Definition3: some exception such as $.

Instruction: \usepackage{inputenc}
Page: 7
Effect: Allow to use accented characters in source file.
Chapter: I
Section: 2

Instruction: two new lines
Page: 9
Effect: End of paragraph
Chapter: I
Section: 3

Instruction: '' (two ')
Page: 9
Effect: Right double quote
Chapter: I
Section: 3

Instruction: `` (two `)
Page: 9
Effect: Left double quote
Chapter: I
Section: 3

Instruction: $text$
Page: 12
Effect: text as inline math
Chapter: I
Section: 5

Instruction: \ [ text \ ]
Page: 13
Effect: text as displayed math
Chapter: I
Section: 5

Instruction: _{text}
Page: 14
Effect: text in subscript
Chapter: I
Section: 6
Where to use it: math mode

Instruction: ^{text}
Page: 14
Effect: text in superscript
Chapter: I
Section: 6
Where to use it: math mode

Instruction: runaway argument
Page: 36
Effect: the argument is longer than expected/contains material the argument cannot accept
Chapter: 2
Section: 4

Instruction: \mid
Page: 41
Effect: separator in a set description
Chapter: 2
Section: 6

Instruction: \colon
Page: 41
Effect: In math mode, add a colon to define a function
Chapter: 2
Section: 6

Instruction: \ followed by a space
Page: 49
Effect: interword space
Chapter: 3
Section: 2.2

Instruction: \~
Page: 49
Effect: unbreakable interword space
Chapter: 3
Section: 2.2

Instruction: \,
Page: 51
Effect: thin space
Chapter: 3
Section: 2.2

Instruction: \@.
Page: 50
Effect: dot ending a sentence
Chapter: 3
Section: 2.2

Instruction: two simple quote
Page: 58
Effect: double quote
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.1

Instruction: ~
Page: 59
Effect: non-breakable space
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.3

Instruction: \textbackslash
Page: 60
Effect: \
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.4

Instruction: \textbar
Page: 60
Effect: |
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.4
Where to use it: text mode

Instruction: \dots
Page: 62
Effect: Either centered or lower dots, depending on the context
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.5
Where to use it: math mode

Instruction: \textcompwordmark
Page: 62
Effect: rejecting a ligature
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.6

Instruction: \accent_symbol letter
Page: 62
Effect: adding an accent on a letter
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.7

Instruction: \i \j
Page: 62
Effect: dotless i [latex]\i[/latex] or j [latex]\j[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.7

Instruction: \textcircled
Page: 62
Effect: add a circle arround a letter: [latex]\textcircled{f}[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.7

Instruction: \TeX \LaTeX \LaTeXe and \AmS
Page: 62
Effect: The logos of tex, latex, latexe, and AMS
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.8

Instruction: \time
Page: 63
Effect: number of minute since midnight
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.8

Instruction: \day, \month, \year
Page: 63
Effect: day, month and year at time of compilation
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.8

Instruction: \today
Page: 64
Effect: date of the day at time of compilation
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.8

Instruction: \-
Page: 65
Effect: Suggestion of where to hyphenate the word
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.9

Instruction: \hyphenation{Long-word-list}
Page: 65
Effect: Give information about hyphenation for the remaining of the document
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.9

Instruction: \nobreakdash
Page: 65
Effect: State not to hyphenate at the hyphen
Chapter: 3
Section: 4.9

Instruction: \footnote
Page: 70
Effect: introduce a footnote
Chapter: 3
Section: 5.2

Variable: \thefootnote
Meaning: Symbol to designate the footnote
Page: 70
Language: Latex
Section: 5.2
Chapter: 3

Instruction: \textnormal \normalfont
Page: 73
Effect: [latex]\normalfont Switch to standard document font[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.2

Instruction: \emph \em
Page: 73
Effect: [latex]\em emphasis[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.2

Instruction: \textrm \rmfamily
Page: 73
Effect: [latex]\rmfamily roman[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.2

Instruction: \textsf \sffamily
Page: 73
Effect: [latex]\sffamily switch to sans serif[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.2

Instruction: \texttt \ttfamily
Page: 73
Effect: [latex]\ttfamily switch to typewriter style[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.2

Instruction: \textup \upshape
Page: 73
Effect: [latex]\upshape switch to upright shape[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.2

Instruction: \textit \itshape
Page: 73
Effect: [latex]\itshape switch to italic shape[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.2

Instruction: \textsl \slshape
Page: 73
Effect: Switch to [latex]\slshape slanted shape[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.2

Instruction: \textsc \scshape
Page: 73
Effect: [latex]\scshape switch to small capitals[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.2

Instruction: \textbf \bfseries
Page: 73
Effect: [latex]\bfseries switch to bold[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.2

Instruction: \textmd \mdseries
Page: 73
Effect: [latex]\mdseries normal weight and width[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.2

Instruction: \textup {\upshape }
Page: 73
Effect: [latex]\upshape Switch to upright shape[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.3
Where to use it: text mode

Instruction: \texit {\itshape }
Page: 73
Effect: [latex]\itshape Switch to italic shape[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.3

Instruction: \textsl {\slshape }
Page: 73
Effect: [latex]\slshape Switch to slanted shape[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.3

Instruction: \textsc {\scshape }
Page: 74
Effect: Switch to [latex]\textsc{small capitals}[/latex] shape
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.3

Instruction: \emph {\em }
Page: 74
Effect: Switch to [latex]\emph{emphasis}[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.3

Instruction: \/
Page: 74
Effect: italic correction (add correct space after an italic letter)
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.3

Instruction: \larger[n]/\smaller[n]
Page: 77
Effect: Move up/dows [n] (default: one) size
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.3

Instruction: \fontsize{a}{b}
Page: 78
Effect: Change font size to \(a\) and lineskip to \(b\)
Chapter: 3
Section: 6.9

Instruction: \\ or \newline
Page: 79
Effect: break the line without stretching
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.1

Instruction: \linebreak
Page: 79
Effect: break the line and stretch it to make it normal width
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.1

Instruction: \\*
Page: 80
Effect: Line break forbidding page break
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.1

Instruction: \\ [length]
Page: 80
Effect: Line break with specified interline space length
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.1

Variable: \baselinestretch
Meaning: specify the spacing between lines
Page: 81
Language: Latex
Section: 7.1
Chapter: 3

Instruction: \doublespacing
Page: 81
Effect: Double the space between line
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.1
Where to use it: setspace

Instruction: \noindent
Page: 82
Effect: Forbid paragraph's indentation
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.2

Instruction: \indent
Page: 82
Effect: Force paragraph's indentation
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.2

Variable: \hangindent
Meaning: Length of indentation of lines, apart the first one of a paragraph
Page: 82
Language: Latex
Section: 7.2
Chapter: 3
Typ: length

Instruction: \newpage
Page: 82
Effect: Break the page without stretching the content
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.3

Instruction: \pagebreak
Page: 82
Effect: Break the page, stretching the content to normal length
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.3

Instruction: \enlargethispage{\baselineskip}
Page: 83
Effect: Add one line to the page length
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.3

Instruction: \enlargethispage{-\baselineskip}
Page: 83
Effect: Remove one line to the page length
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.3

Instruction: \clearpage
Page: 83
Effect: Break the page and put every figures/tables waiting to be processed
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.3

Instruction: \cleardoublepage
Page: 83
Effect: Clearpage, new page as right page
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.3

Instruction: \twocolumn
Page: 84
Effect: clear page and start two columns. Optional arugment is a title
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.4

Instruction: \onecolumn
Page: 84
Effect: clear page and start a single column (after a twocolumn).
Chapter: 3
Section: 7.4

Variable: \baselineskip
Meaning: The distance between baselines
Page: 83
Language: Latex
Section: 7.3
Chapter: 3
Index: implicite

Instruction: \quad
Page: 84
Effect: 1 em space.
[latex]foom\quad{}mbar[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.1

Instruction: \qquad
Page: 84
Effect: [latex]2\qquad{}em\qquad{}space[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.1

Instruction: \ with space)
Page: 84
Effect: [latex]interword\ space[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.1

Instruction: \hspace{dist}
Page: 84
Effect: An horizontal space of size dist, potentially negative
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.1

Instruction: \phantom{text}
Page: 85
Effect: A space of size text
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.1

Instruction: \hphantom{text}
Page: 85
Effect: An horizontal space of size text with 0 height
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.1

Instruction: \spacing*
Page: 85
Effect: An horizontal space of size text with 0 height, not removed on a new line
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.1
Variables: spacing a spacing command

Instruction: \vspace{size}
Page: 86
Effect: A vertical space of size
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.1

Instruction: \smallskip
Page: 86
Effect: [latex]A standard
\smallskip
small vertical space[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.1

Instruction: \medskip
Page: 86
Effect: [latex]A standard
\smallskip
medium vertical space[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.1

Instruction: \bigskip
Page: 86
Effect: [latex]A standard
\smallskip
big vertical space[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.1

Instruction: \vspace*
Page: 87
Effect: A vertical space not removed on begin/end of pages
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.1

Instruction: \vphantom{content}
Page: 87
Effect: A vertical space whose height is the one of content
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.1

Instruction: \hfill
Page: 88
Effect: Fill all available space in the line with spaces
[latex]a\hfill z[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.4

Instruction: \dotfill
Page: 88
Effect: Fill all available space in the line with dots
[latex]a\dotfill z[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.4

Instruction: \hrulefill
Page: 88
Effect: Fill all available space in the line with horizontal line
[latex]a\hrulefill z[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.4

Instruction: \vfill
Page: 88
Effect: fills the page with vertical space so that the text before the command and the text after the command stretch to the upper and lower margin.
[latex]a\vfill z[/latex]
Chapter: 3
Section: 8.4

Instruction: \text{foo}
Page: 89
Effect: Create a box, with content foo, with size according to the environment
Context: text mode
Chapter: 3
Section: 9

Instruction: first optional argument
Page: 88
Effect: Dimension of the box
Context: \makebox or \framebox
Chapter: 3
Section: 9

Instruction: second optional argument
Page: 88
Effect: center, left, right or stretches for the box
Context: \makebox or \framebox
Chapter: 3
Section: 9