Title: Theory / Unimportant / Experimental / Bio / Genes - VSI
Tags: hasSeenConjDef

Question: What was believed before genes were knew ?
Answer: A child is a blend of its parents characteristics
Page: 25
Chapter: 1

Question: How evolution was first proven ?
Answer: Using evolution in fossil records
Page: 27
Chapter: 1

Question: What was Darwin's real impact ?
Answer: He provided a mechanism to explain evolution: natural selection
Page: 27
Chapter: 1

Smaller0: a population of animals or plants varies with regard to some traits
Greater0: the composition of the population will inevitably shift between each generation
Page: 27
Chapter: 1
Smaller1: those traits are heritable
Name: natural selection
Smaller2: they affect the likelihood of reproduction

Name: Argument from design
Definition: When I see a complex object such as a watch, I know it has been designed: therefore, when I see a complex object such as a tiger, I should infer that it has been designed.
Page: 29
https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Argument_from_design
Chapter: 1
Name2: teleological argument,
Intuition: Argument for existence of god, or of life-engineering aliens

Last name: William
First name: Bateson
Book: Materials for the Study of Variation (1894)

Last name: Gregor
First name: Mendel
Known for: Finding rules for inheritence of simple characters in peas. Color of peas come from a discrete information, in pair in each individual
Role: monk at the Abbey of St Thomas in Brno, now in the Czech Republic
Book: Verhandlungen des naturforschenden den Vereines in Brünn

Name: Simple character
Definition: Character determined by a single gene
Page: 31
Chapter: 1
Context: gene
Example: a, B, 3, =

Name: Mendelian gene
Definition: A gene determining, alone, a simple character
Page: 31
Chapter: 1

Name: Mitosis
Definition: Cell division
Page: 33
Chapter: 1
Section: The 20th century

Last name: Flemming
First name: Walther
Known for: Identified chromosomes, described mitosis
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Page: 33
Chapter: 1
Section: 20 th century

Last name: van Beneden
First name: Edouard
Known for: showed that there was a characteristic chromosome number for each species and that this number was found in the various different cell types of an organism.
Role: Cytologist
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Page: 33
Chapter: 1
Section: 20th century

Name: Gene (first definition)
Definition: Hereditary factor
Page: 33
Chapter: 1
Section: 20th century
Etymology: cemea (=generation or race)

Name: Drosophila
Definition: Fruit fly with a short generation time
Page: 33
Chapter: 1
Section: 20th century

Question: How to generate new mutations
Answer: X-irradiations
Page: 40
Chapter: 1
Section: 20th century

Question: Genes lay
Answer: on chromosome
Page: 40
Chapter: 1
Section: 20th century

Question: How are genes arranged ?
Answer: In linear manner
Page: 40
Chapter: 1
Section: 20th century

Question: Which cell contains which chromosome
Answer: Reproductive cell contains a single example of each chromosome
Page: 40
Chapter: 1
Section: 20th century
Answer2: Each other cell contains two copy of each chromosome

Name: Base
Definition: an alkaline substance
Page: 42
Chapter: 1
Section: 20th century
Context: Chemistry

Name: Nucleic acid
Definition: long molecules in which the bases, sugars, and phosphates were joined together in a chain.
Page: 42
Chapter: 1
Section: 20th century
Context: Chemistry

Name: nucleoside
Definition: a base joined to a sugar
Page: 45
Chapter: 1
Section: 20th century
Context: Chemistry

Name: nucleotide
Definition: a nucleoside joined to a phosphate group
Page: 45
Chapter: 1
Section: 20th century
Context: Chemistry

Name: deoxyribonucleic acid
Definition: deoxyribose as the sugar
Page: 45
Chapter: 1
Section: 20th century
Definition2: A, C, G, and T as bases
Conjdef: Nucleic acid with
Abbreviation: DNA

Name: ribonucleic acid
Definition: ribose as the sugar
Page: 47
Chapter: 1
Section: 20th century
Definition2: base A, C, G, U
Conjdef: Nucleic acid with
Abbreviation: RNA

Question: Where is DNA found ?
Answer: Mostly in cell nuclei
Page: 47
Chapter: 1
Section: 20th century

Question: Where is RNA found ?
Answer: Mostly in cytoplasm
Page: 47
Chapter: 1
Section: 20th century

Question: Why did it take a long time to understand genes are done in DNA ?
Answer: DNA disapeared and reapared in each division cycle. Which would forbid its use to save informations
Page: 47
Chapter: 1
Section: 20th century