Title: Theory / Unimportant / Human / Geography / Essential Architecture
Tags: architecture::religious architecture::europe architecture::asia architecture::gothic architecture::modern architecture::france architecture::romanesque architecture::renaissance architecture::germany architecture::contemporary architecture::italy architecture::northamerica architecture::baroque architecture::spain architecture::islamic architecture::usa architecture::england architecture::china architecture::india architecture::revival architecture::byzantine architecture::postmodern

Name: Saint Peter's Basilica
Location: Vatican City
Construction period: 1506–1626 (earliest church on the site: c.333)
Extra: Jean-Christophe BENOIST, CC BY 2.5, Link
Diliff - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Description: The most important Roman Catholic shrine. Largest church in the world by interior area, volume and length. Burial site of the apostle Simon Peter.
Main style: Renaissance; Baroque
Synonyms: San Pietro in Vaticano, Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican
Architect: Bramante, Michelangelo, Maderno and Bernini

Name: Saint Basil's Cathedral
Location: Red Square, Moscow, Russia
Construction period: 1555–1561
Extra: Weroarnau - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Alexei Kouzaev - https://www.flickr.com/photos/alexeik/4119235148/, CC BY 2.0, Link
Info: Museum since 1923, secularized since 1929.
Description: Cultural symbol of Russia. Commemorates the campaigns of Ivan the Terrible.
Main style: Russian Renaissance
Synonyms: Pokrovsky Cathedral, Cathedral of Vasily the Blessed
Architect: Ivan Barma and Postnik Yakovlev

Name: Sagrada Família
Location: Barcelona
Construction period: since 1882
Extra: C messier - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
SBA73 from Sabadell, Catalunya - Tot conflueix / All's conected, CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
Info: Roman Catholic. UNESCO World Heritage. Estimated completion in 2026. Will be one the largest church buildings in the world.
Description: Antonin Gaudí's unfinished masterpiece, considered by many to be one of the most extraordinary church buildings in the world.
Main style: Combination of Modernisme/Art Nouveau and Neogothic;
Synonyms: Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família
Architect: Antoni Gaudí

Name: Hagia Sophia
Location: Istanbul, Turkey
Construction period: 532–537 (earliest church on the site: 360)
Extra: Dennis Jarvis from Halifax, Canada - Turkey-3019 - Hagia Sophia, CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
Dean Strelau - Hagia Sophia IUploaded by Randam, CC BY 2.0, Link
Info: Originally a Greek orthodox cathedral in Byzantine Constantinople; converted into an Ottoman mosque in 1453 after the conquest of the city, upon which minarets were added. Secular museum from 1935, reopened as a mosque in 2020.
Description: Epitome of Byzantine architecture, with a huge dome covering the nave.
Main style: Byzantine architecture
Synonyms: Ayasofya, Sancta Sapientia

Name: Santa Maria del Fiore
Location: Florence, Tuscany, Italy
Construction period: 1296–1436; 19th century
Extra: Bruce Stokes on Flickr - [1], CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
Peter K Burian - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Description: Roman Catholic cathedral, featuring the largest brick dome ever constructed.
Main style: Italian Gothic with Renaissance elements, Gothic revival facade
Synonyms: Florence Cathedral, Duomo di Firenze
Architect: Arnolfo di Cambio, Filippo Brunelleschi, Emilio De Fabris

Name: Pisa Cathedral
Location: Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
Construction period: c.1063 – 13th century
Extra: Lucarelli - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Luca Aless - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Spike - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: The tower's tilt was reduced from 5,5 to about 4 degrees between 1993 and 2001 over stability concerns. Built from Carrara marble.
Description: Famous for its leaning bell tower. Notable example of Romanesque architecture.
Main style: Pisan Romanesque
Synonyms: Duomo di Pisa, Duomo di Santa Maria Assunta

Name: Basilica di San Marco
Location: Venice, Italy
Construction period: 1063–1617
Extra: Zairon - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Tango7174 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: Its opulent design and lavish use of gold achieves an oriental feeling of exoticism. Testimony to the wealth and power of the Republic of Venice. Adjacent to the Doge's Palace.
Description: Roman Catholic basilica. Seat of the Patriarch of Venice.
Main style: Byzantine; Gothic
Synonyms: Saint Mark's Basilica, Chiesa d'Oro (Church of Gold)

Name: Cordoba Cathedral-Mosque
Location: Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain
Construction period: 784–987
Extra: Toni Castillo Quero - Flickr: [1], CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
Timor Espallargas - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.5, Link
Info: Regarded as the one of the most accomplished monuments of Renaissance and Moorish architecture. Characteristic elements of the Moorish style include horseshoe arches and central courtyards. Muslim praying in the church building is disputed.
Description: Umayyad mosque built on the site of a Visigoth church. Converted to a Catholic church in 1236 during the Reconquista period.
Main style: Moorish architecture, Renaissance
Synonyms: Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba, Catedral de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción

Name: Notre Dame de Paris
Location: Paris, France
Construction period: 1163–1345
Extra: sacratomato_hr - DSC_0732, CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
Peter Haas, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
LeLaisserPasserA38 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: One of the most prominent examples of Gothic architecture. Seat of the archbishop of Paris.
Description: Catholic cathedral in the heart of Paris. Currently under reconstruction after serious damage from the 2019 fire.
Main style: French Gothic

Name: Basilique du Sacré-Cœur
Location: Paris, France
Construction period: 1875–1914
Extra: Tonchino - File:Le sacre coeur (paris - france).jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: The architectural reception is often negative due to its unusual proportions and combination of styles. Nonetheless very popular among pilgrims and tourists.
Description: Roman Catholic church and popular landmark in Paris, standing at the highest point of the city.
Main style: Romano-Byzantine
Synonyms: Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Paris
Architect: Paul Abadie

Name: Saint Paul's Cathedral
Location: London, England
Construction period: 1677–1708 (earliest church on the site: 604)
Extra: Mark Fosh - originally posted to Flickr as St Pauls, CC BY 2.0, Link
Diliff - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: "Occupies a significant place in the national identity of the English population". Tallest building in London from 1710 to 1962.
Description: Anglican cathedral in London, one of the largest cathedrals in the world. One of the most recognisable sights of the city.
Main style: English Baroque
Synonyms: Cathedral Church of St. Paul the Apostle
Architect: Sir Christopher Wren

Name: Kölner Dom
Location: Cologne, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Construction period: 1248–1880
Extra: F. Ermert, derivative: Zachi Evenor - Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/zachievenor/28546528990/, CC BY 2.0, Link
Thomas Robbin - from de.wp, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
User:Mkill - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: The black discoloration is caused by the sandstone reacting with acidic rain. Tallest church in the world 1880 - 1994 (height: 157.4 m / 516 ft).
Description: This Catholic cathedral is the most visited landmark in Germany. Third tallest church in the world.
Main style: Gothic
Synonyms: Cologne Cathedral, High Cathedral of Saint Peter

Name: Milan Cathedral
Location: Milan, Lombardy, Italy
Construction period: 1386–1965
Extra: Jiuguang Wang - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
G.dallorto - Own work, Link
Info: One of the largest church buildings in the world.
Description: Roman Catholic cathedral in Milan, one of the largest churches in the world.
Main style: Gothic
Synonyms: Duomo di Milano
Architect: Simone da Orsenigo

Name: Basilica of Our Lady of Aparecida
Location: Aparecida, São Paolo, Brazil
Construction period: 1955–1980
Extra: Alex costa maciel - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Mike Peel (www.mikepeel.net)., CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: Enjoys the greatest Marian pilgrimage in the world. Build to house an 18th-century clay statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary considered the principal patroness of Brazil.
Description: Roman Catholic basilica. The third largest church in the world by total interior area.
Main style: Romanesque Revival
Synonyms: Basílica de Nossa Senhora Aparecida
Architect: Benedito Calixto Filho

Name: Seville Cathedral
Location: Seville, Andalusia, Spain
Construction period: 1402–1520
Extra: Ingo Mehling - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Anual - Own work, CC BY 3.0, Link
Info: UNESCO World Heritage. Largest church building in the world from 1520–1626.
Main style: (Late) Gothic
Synonyms: Catedral de Santa María de la Sede, Cathedral of Saint Mary of the See

Name: Saint John the Divine Cathedral
Location: Manhattan, New York City, United States
Construction period: since 1892
Extra: Simon.Absonditus - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
William Porto - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Nicknamed 'St. John the Unfinished'. One of the largest church buildings in the world.
Description: Unfinished Gothic revival cathedral in Manhattan.
Main style: Gothic Revival
Synonyms: Saint John the Divine Saint, John the Unfinished

Name: Our Lady of Licheń
Location: Licheń Stary, Greater Poland
Construction period: 1994–2004
Extra: Krzysztof Mizera - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
© Marek and Ewa Wojciechowscy / Trips over Poland, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Commemorates the legend of Our Lady of Sorrows, in which a Polish soldier who was wounded while fighting under Napoléon had a vision of the Virgin Mary.
Description: Roman Catholic basilica, one of the largest churches in the world and an important Polish pilgrimage site.
Main style: Postmodern
Architect: Barbara Bielecka

Name: Liverpool Cathedral
Location: Liverpool, Merseyside, England
Construction period: 1904–1978
Extra: Andrew Dunn, Own work, CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
Info: Longest cathedral in the world (189 m / 207 yards). Largest completed Anglican church building.
Main style: Gothic Revival
Architect: Giles Gilbert Scott

Name: Our Lady of Peace Basilica
Location: Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
Construction period: 1985–1989
Extra: Felix Krohn, Link
Description: Largest church in the world by external area. Modelled after St. Peter's Basilica.
Main style: Renaissance Revival; Baroque Revival
Synonyms: Basilique Notre-Dame de la Paix
Architect: Pierre Fakhoury

Name: Saint Isaac's Cathedral
Location: St. Petersburg, Russia
Construction period: 1818–1858
Extra: Alex 'Florstein' Fedorov, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Description: Former Russian Orthodox cathedral. Museum since the Soviet era.
Main style: Russian Neoclassical
Synonyms: Исаа́киевский Собо́р (Isaakievskiy Sobor)

Name: Speyer Cathedral
Location: Speyer, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
Construction period: 11th and 12th century
Extra: Sail over - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Burial place of German emperors from 1039–1308.
Description: Catholic cathedral, the largest and one of the most important Romanesque buildings.
Main style: Romanesque
Synonyms: Speyerer Dom

Name: Basílica da Santíssima Trindade
Location: Fátima, Portugal
Construction period: 2004–2007
Extra: János Korom Dr. from Wien, Austria - Fatima 0210, CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
Therese C - Flickr: DSCN5583, CC BY 2.0, Hiperligação
Description: Award winning modern minor basilica in Portugal.
Main style: Modern
Synonyms: Basilica of the Most Holy Trinity
Architect: Alexandros Tombazis

Name: Ulmer Münster
Location: Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Construction period: 1377–1890
Extra: Martin Kraft - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Karle3 - File:Ulm-Muenster-20140719-1446.jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: 161.5 metres (530 ft).
Description: Lutheran church, currently the tallest church in the world.
Main style: Gothic
Synonyms: Ulm Minster

Name: Lincoln Cathedral
Location: Lincoln, England
Construction period: 1185-1311
Extra: Brian - originally posted to Flickr as Lincoln Cathedral, CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
willie lawrence, Link
Info: Tallest in the world, preceeded by the Great Pyramid of Giza. The central spire collapsed in 1548 and was not rebuilt. If it had remained intact, Lincoln cathedral would have remained the world's tallest structure until the Eiffel Tower. Seat of the Anglican Bishop of Lincoln.
Description: Anglican medieval church, reportedly the tallest building in the world 1311-1549.
Main style: Early English Gothic
Synonyms: Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Lincoln

Name: Saint Olaf's Church
Location: Tallinn, Estonia
Construction period: 12th century; 1438–1519
Extra: Olga Itenberg - originally posted to Flickr as IMG_5675.jpg, CC BY 2.0, Link
Info: Tallest building in the world 1549–1625 (124 m / 407 ft). Saint Olaf was king of Norway as Olaf II.
Main style: Baltic Gothic
Synonyms: Oleviste kirik

Name: Beauvais Cathedral
Location: Beauvais, Picardy, France
Construction period: 1225–1600 (work halted and never completed)
Extra: Diliff - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Roman Catholic church built in the French Gothic style. Features the tallest vault in the world, however, the nave is missing. Has been called the "Parthenon of French Gothic".
Main style: French Gothic
Synonyms: Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Beauvais

Name: St.-Marien-Kirche
Location: Stralsund, Western Pomerania, Germany
Construction period: 13th century
Extra: Darkone - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.5, Link
Info: Partly modelled after the Marienkirche in Lübeck. The reportedly 151 m (495 ft) tall steeple tower burned down after being struck by lightning in 1647. It was later rebuilt as a baroque dome, giving the tower it's current height of 104 m (341 ft).
Description: Brick Gothic style Lutheran church, alleged to have been the tallest building in the world 1625–1647.
Main style: Brick Gothic
Synonyms: Saint Mary's Church (Stralsund)

Name: Rouen Cathedral
Location: Rouen, Normandy, France
Construction period: 1030–1880
Extra: Daniel Vorndran / DXR, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Roman Catholic church. The Renaissance spire was destroyed by lightning in 1822. A new one was rebuilt in Neo-Gothic style, but of cast iron instead of wood. During World War II, the cathedral was bombed by the British Royal Air Force, damaging much of the south aisle and destroying two rose windows. Tallest building in the world 1876–1880.
Main style: Gothic
Synonyms: Cathédrale primatiale Notre-Dame de l'Assomption de Rouen

Name: Strasbourg Cathedral
Location: Strasbourg, Alsace, France
Construction period: 1015–1439 (south tower never built)
Extra: Diliff - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Roland Burckel - archi-strasbourg.org, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: The world's tallest building 1647–1874. One of the largest sandstone buildings. Strasbourg's historic city centre is UNESCO World Heritage.
Main style: Rayonnant Gothic with Romanesque contributions
Synonyms: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Strasbourg
Architect: Erwin von Steinbach

Name: Peter and Paul Cathedral
Location: Zayachy Island, St. Petersburg, Russia
Construction period: 1712–1733
Extra: Dom kobb - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Located inside the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, built under Peter the Great.
Description: Main necropolis of the Russian Emperors since Peter the Great. Has the world's tallest Orthodox bell tower.
Main style: Petrine Baroque (Domenico Trezzini)
Synonyms: Петропавловский собор
Architect: Domenico Trezzini

Name: Salisbury Cathedral
Location: Salisbury, South West England
Construction period: 1220–1320
Extra: Antony McCallum - https://www.wyrdlight.com, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: Tallest church spire in the UK (123 m / 404 ft). Contains the Salisbury cathedral clock, one of the oldest working examples in the world, as well as the best surviving of the four original copies of the English Magna Carta.
Description: Anglican cathedral and leading example of Early English Gothic architecture.
Main style: Early English Gothic

Name: Metéora monasteries
Location: Plain of Thessaly, Greece
Construction period: 15th and 16th century
Extra: Dido3 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Bernard Gagnon - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: At their peak there were two dozen monasteries at Meteora. Currently there are six functioning monasteries left, built on natural sandstone rock pillars.
Description: Eastern Orthodox monasteries build on huge rock formations in central Greece.
Main style: Athonite
Synonyms: Μετέωρα

Name: Le Mont-Saint-Michel
Location: Mont Saint-Michel, Normandy, France
Construction period: 10th–16th century
Extra: Marian78ro - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Ryan R Zhao - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Stevage, CC BY-SA 2.5, Link
Info: At low tides accessible to pilgrims to the abbey, but highly defensible during high tide. Unconquered during the Hundred Years' War. Among the most expensive and difficult construction projects of the Middle Ages.
Description: Tidal island off the northwestern coast of France. Abbey at the top and medieval town below.
Main style: Gothic, Romanesque, Neoclassical

Name: Rock-hewn churches of Lalibela
Location: Lalibela, Ethiopia
Construction period: 12th century
Extra: Sailko - Own work, CC BY 3.0, Link
Bernard Gagnon - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Adam Jones from Kelowna, BC, Canada - Interior of Bet Maryam Rock-Hewn Church - Lalibela - Ethiopia - 01, CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
Info: Commissioned by King Gebre Mesqel Lalibela of the Zagwe Dynasty, to recreate the holy city of Jerusalem in his own kingdom. The monolithic structures were excavated from the rock using nothing but hammers and chisels. Remains an active Ethiopian Orthodox church and important pilgrimage site.
Description: Monolithic churches carved from rock, dating back to the 12th century.
Main style: Monolithic

Name: Rock-hewn churches of Ivanovo
Location: Ivanovo, Bulgaria
Construction period: 12th–17th century
Extra: Diego Delso, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Denis Barthel, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link, Link
Info: Noted for their beautiful and well-preserved medieval frescors.
Description: Group of monolithic churches, chapels and monasteries hewn out of solid rock.
Main style: Monolithic, rock-cut caves
Synonyms: Ивановски скални църкви, Ivanovski skalni tsarkvi

Name: Rila Monastery
Location: Rila Mountains, Bulgaria
Construction period: 10th, 18th century; 1834–1860
Extra: Raggatt2000 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
MPF - Photograph by MPF, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Named after Ivan of Rila, a hermit who founded the monastery in the 10th century. Major tourist attraction in Bulgaria.
Description: Famous Eastern Orthodox monastery in Bulgaria.
Synonyms: Рилски манастир, Rilski manastir

Name: Churches of Peace
Location: Świdnica and Jawor, Poland
Construction period: 1657
Extra: Sławomir Milejski - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 pl, Link
Jar.ciurus - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 pl, Link
Info: The peace treaties of Westphalia permitted the Lutherans of Silesia to construct three churches, however they were only allowed to use wood, clay and thatch and construction had to be completed in under a year. The third Peace church erected in Głogów burned down in 1758. Timber-framing is an age-old architectural technology which is widespread especially in Germany.
Description: Two timber-framed Lutheran churches commemorating the Peace of Westphalia of 1648.
Main style: Timber-framed
Synonyms: Kościoły Pokoju

Name: Sümela Monastery
Location: Maçka, Trabzon Province, Turkey
Construction period: 15th, 19th century. Monastery founded as early as 386 AD.
Extra: Bjørn Christian Tørrissen - Own work by uploader, http://bjornfree.com/galleries.html, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Description: Greek Orthodox monastery in the Pontic Mountains of Turkey, hanging off a vertical cliff.
Synonyms: Μονή Παναγίας Σουμελά, Sümela Manastırı

Name: Paoay Church
Location: Paoay, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
Construction period: 1694–1710
Extra: Andrew Martin, CC BY 3.0, Link
Info: As the name suggests, the term 'Earthquake baroque' refers to buildings that were reconstructed in the baroque style after destructive earthquakes. The structure was reinforced with 24 huge buttresses on the sides and back of the building.
Description: Roman catholic church with a distinct Earthquake Baroque style.
Main style: Earthquake Baroque
Synonyms: Iglesia de San Agustín de Paoay
Architect: Padre Antonio Estavillo

Name: Borgund Stave Church
Location: Borgund, Norway
Construction period: 12th century
Extra: Ximonic (Simo Räsänen) - Self-photographed, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Micha L. Rieser, Attribution, Link
Info: The best preserved example of the Norwegian stave churches. One of the oldest wooden buildings in Europe.
Description: Lutheran Church, one of the oldest wooden buildings in Europe.
Main style: Stave church architecture
Synonyms: Borgund stavkyrkje

Name: Khor Virap
Location: Ararat Province, Armenia
Construction period: 642; 1662
Extra: Diego Delso, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link, Link
Info: Armenian patron saint Gregory the Illuminator was initially imprisoned here for about 14 years by King Tiridates III of Armenia. Saint Gregory subsequently became the king's religious mentor, and they led the proselytizing activity in Armenia. Regular church services are still held here.
Description: Armenian monastery and significant pilgrimage site in Armenia.
Synonyms: Խոր Վիրապ, lit. 'deep dungeon'

Name: Trinity Church
Location: King George Island, Antarctica
Construction period: built 2003 in Siberia, shipped to Antarctica in 2004
Extra: Photo by James L. Boka, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: One of the eight churches on Antarctica. The southernmost Eastern Orthodox church in the world.
Description: Small Russian Orthodox church near a Russian research station in Antarctica.
Main style: Traditional Russian
Synonyms: Церковь Святой Троицы

Name: Skellig Michael Monastery
Location: Skellig Islands, County Kerry, Ireland
Construction period: Founded between the 6th and 8th century
Extra: Towel401 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Stinglehammer - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: The monastery is of a dry-stone corbel construction, giving the huts a beehive-like appearance. Named after the archangel Micheal, while "Skellig" is derived from the Irish word sceilig, meaning splinter of stone. Several films have used the island as a filming location, most recently the Star Wars franchise.
Description: Gaelic monastery on an island off the coast of Ireland.
Synonyms: Sceilg Mhichíl

Name: Basilica di San Vitale
Location: Ravenna, Italy
Construction period: 525–547
Extra: Isatz - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: UNESCO World Heritage. One of the most important examples of early Christian Byzantine art and architecture.
Main style: Early Christian, Byzantine
Synonyms: San Vitale di Ravenna

Name: Euphrasian Basilica
Location: Poreč, Croatia
Construction period: 6th century
Extra: SelfQ - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Thaler Tamas - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: Features rich golden mosaics, dating from the 6th century. A large marble ciborium modelled after San Marco in Venice was built over the altar in 1277.
Description: Roman Catholic basilica, excellent example of early Byzantine architecture.
Main style: Early Byzantine
Synonyms: Eufrazijeva bazilika

Name: Saint Sophia Cathedral
Location: Novgorod, Russia
Construction period: 1045–1050; 12th century
Extra: User№101 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: One of the first Slavic church with divergences from the Byzantine style. Its plain walls, narrow windows are more reminiscent of Romanesque architecture.
Description: Russian Orthodox cathedral in Novgorod.
Synonyms: Софийский собор

Name: Abbaye aux Hommes
Location: Caen, Normandy, France
Construction period: 11th–13th century
Extra: CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Named Abbaye aux Hommes (Men's Abbey) in contrast to the closeby Abbaye aux Dames (Ladies' Abbey).
Description: Important Romanesque monastery building founded by William the Conqueror.
Main style: Romanesque, Gothic
Synonyms: Abbey of Saint-Étienne

Name: Trierer Dom
Location: Trier, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
Construction period: 326–19th century
Extra: Berthold Werner - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Holger Uwe Schmitt - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: Conquered and destroyed numerous times, the cathedral was repeatedly rebuilt according to the architectural styles of the period. Some sections of the original Roman brickwork are still visible on the exterior.
Description: The oldest church in Germany, commissioned by Emperor Constantine the Great in the 4th century.
Main style: Romanesque
Synonyms: Trier Cathedral

Name: Sé Velha
Location: Coimbra, Portugal
Construction period: c.1139–c.1218; 16th century
Extra: Digitalsignal - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: The only one of the Portuguese Romanesque cathedrals from the Reconquista times to have survived relatively intact up to the present. Resembles a small fortress with high, crenellated walls.
Description: Roman Catholic Romanesque church in Portugal.
Main style: Romanesque (Reconquista period)
Synonyms: Old Cathedral of Coimbra

Name: Abbaye Sainte-Marie-Madeleine de Vézelay
Location: Vézelay, Burgundy, France
Construction period: 1120 - 1150
Extra: Dietrich Krieger, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Celebrated imagery in sculpted capitals and portals. Important pilgrimate site.
Description: Christian monastery and pilgrimage site. Outstanding example of Burgundian Romanesque architecture.
Main style: Burgundian Romanesque; Early Gothic
Synonyms: Vézelay Abbey

Name: Worms Cathedral
Location: Worms, Rhineland-Palinate, Germany
Construction period: 1130–1181
Extra: AndreasThum - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Ato 01 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: One of the three Imperial Cathedrals of the Holy Roman Empire on the Rhine. Known for the Concordat of Worms 1122 and the Diet of Worms 1521.
Description: Roman Catholic church built in the Romanesque architectural style.
Main style: Romanesque
Synonyms: Wormser Dom, Dom St. Peter

Name: Basilica di San Nicola
Location: Bari, Puglia, Italy
Construction period: 1087–1197
Extra: Berthold Werner, CC BY-SA 3.0, Collegamento
Description: Important pilgrimage destination for Catholics and Orthodox Christians. Contains many Romanesque sculptures and religious relics.
Main style: Romanesque
Synonyms: San Nicola di Bari

Name: Notre Dame de Reims
Location: Reims, Champagne-Ardenne, France
Construction period: 9th, 13th, 17th century (earliest church on the site: c.400)
Extra: Johan Bakker, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Description: Roman Catholic cathedral and coronation church of the French kings.
Main style: High Gothic

Name: Chartres Cathedral
Location: Chartres, Centre, France
Construction period: 1194–1220
Extra: Robin Poitou - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Description: Roman Catholic cathedral, considered high point of French Gothic art.
Main style: High Gothic; Romanesque

Name: Basilica of Saint Denis
Location: Saint-Denis, Paris, France
Construction period: 1135–1144 (earliest church on the site: 475)
Extra: Thomas Clouet - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: Burial place of most French Kings. Shows the first use of all of the elements of Gothic architecture. The 86 m high spire became increasingly unstable and had to be dismantled in the 19th century, but is now under reconstruction.
Description: Large church in northern Paris, considered to be the first Gothic building.
Main style: (Rayonnant) Gothic

Name: York Minster
Location: York, England
Construction period: c.1230 - 1472
Extra: rowanofravara - Flickr, CC BY 2.0, Link
Peter K Burian - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Diliff - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Seat of the Archbishop of York.
Early English Gothic: more strongly-constructed walls and rib vaults to support heavier, more fire-resistant roofs.
Decorated Gothic: increasingly elaborate vaulting techniques, as well as decorative ornaments and sculptures.
Perpendicular Gothic: stronger emphasis on vertical lines.
Description: One of the largest Gothic cathedrals in Northern Europe. Documents the evolution of English Gothic architecture from Early English to Decorated to Perpendicular Gothic.
Main style: (Early English, Decorated, Perpendicular) Gothic
Synonyms: Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of St Peter

Name: Catedral de Santa María de Burgos
Location: Burgos, Castile and León, Spain
Construction period: 1221–1567
Extra: FAR - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Flamboyant: Gothic but with flame-like ornaments.
Description: Roman catholic Cathedral in Burgos known for its vast size.
Main style: Gothic, Flamboyant; Renaissance additions
Synonyms: Burgos Cathedral

Name: Roskilde Cathedral
Location: Roskilde, Denmark
Construction period: c. 1170–1280; side chapels added up to the 19th century
Extra: CucombreLibre from New York, NY, USA - Roskilde Cathedral, Denmark, CC BY 2.0, Link
Description: First Brick Gothic Lutheran cathedral. Main burial site for Danish monarchs since the 15th century.
Main style: Brick Gothic, Romanesque (side chapels in Dutch Renaissance, Neoclassicism, Byzantine Revival and Modernist styles)
Synonyms: Roskilde Domkirke

Name: Stephansdom
Location: Vienna, Austria
Construction period: 1137 - 1160
Info: Enblem of Vienna. Nicknamed "Steffl" by natives.
Description: Roman Catholic cathedral in the heart of Vienna. Features Romanesque and Gothic elements as well as a ornately patterned tile roof.
Main style: Romanesque, Gothic
Synonyms: Steffl, Saint Stephen's Cathedral (Vienna)

Name: Mosteiro da Batalha
Location: Batalha, Centro Region, Portugal
Construction period: 1386–1517
Extra: Ingo Mehling - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
xiquinhosilva from Cacau - 10152-Batalha, CC BY 2.0, Link
Info: Erected to commemorate the Portuguese victory in the Battle of Aljubarrota 1385.
Flamboyant: Gothic but with flame-like ornaments.
Manueline: Portuguese style featuring maritime elements and motifs from the Age of Discovery.
Description: Dominican convent. Best example of Flamboyant Gothic architecture in Portugal.
Main style: Flamboyant Gothic; Manueline elements
Synonyms: Batalha Monastery, Mosteiro de Santa Maria da Vitória

Name: La Sainte-Chapelle
Location: Palais de la Cité, Paris, France
Construction period: 1242–1248
Extra: Uoaei1 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Didier B (Sam67fr) - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.5, Link
Info: Exemplary for the High Gothic of the 13th century. Commissioned by King Louis IX of France to house his collection of Passion Relics, including Christ's Crown of Thorns.
Description: Royal chapel in the Palais des la Cité, the residence of the Kings of France.
Main style: Rayonnant Gothic

Name: Tempietto
Location: Rome, Italy
Construction period: 1502
Extra: JTSH26 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: Considered a masterpiece of High Renaissance Italian architecture. Decorated with artworks by prominent 16th- and 17th-century masters. The church is named after the soil's colour on the site ("monte d'oro").
Description: Commemorative tomb inside San Pietro in Montorio church in Rome.
Main style: Renaissance
Synonyms: Martyrium in San Pietro in Montorio
Architect: Donato Bramante

Name: Santa Maria Novella
Location: Florence, Italy
Construction period: 1279–1470
Extra: JoJan, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Construction was financed by the most important Florentine families, who ensured themselves funerary chapels on consecrated ground. The black and white marble facade was completed by Leon Battista Alberti in 1470. Contains many important frescoes, in particular by Masaccio.
Description: Catholic church in Florence. Main building and nave is Gothic, the famous front facade Early Renaissance.
Main style: Gothic, Renaissance

Name: El Escorial
Location: San Lorenzo de El Escorial, near Madrid, Spain
Construction period: 1563 - 1584
Extra: Turismo Madrid Consorcio Turístico - Monasterio Escorial, uploaded by Ecemaml, CC BY 2.0, Link
Info: Built by Philip II, the site functions functions as a monastery, royal palace, museum, and school.
Description: Spanish royal site, functioning as the historical residence for the King of Spain.
Main style: Renaissance
Synonyms: San Lorenzo de El Escorial
Architect: Juan Bautista de Toledo

Name: Catedral Nueva de la Asunción de la Virgen
Location: Salamanca, Spain
Construction period: 1513–1733
Extra: Jentges at Luxembourgish Wikipedia, Link
Julián Rejas De Castro - Catedral Nueva de Salamanca. - julianrdc.jpg, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: The Old City of Salamanca is UNESCO World Heritage.
Main style: Late Gothic, Baroque
Synonyms: Salamanca New Cathedral

Name: Katedrala sv. Jakova
Location: Šibenik, Croatia
Construction period: 1431–1535
Extra: Jerzy Strzelecki - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: UNESCO World Heritage. Unique vault and dome construction techniques. Outstanding decorative elements. Most important renaissance building in Dalmatia.
Main style: Renaissance (and Gothic)
Synonyms: Cathedral of Saint James

Name: Cappella Sistina
Location: Apostolic Palace, Vatican City
Construction period: 1473–1481
Extra: Maus-Trauden on de.wikipedia - Originally from de.wikipedia; description page is (was) here, GPL, Link
Info: Location of the Papal conclave electing the Pope. Frescoed throughout by Botticelli, Ghirlandaio, Michelangelo and other artists. Named after Pope Sixtus IV.
Description: Important religious and ceremonial chapel in the Vatican. The Renaissance frescoes decorating the interior are world-famous.
Main style: Renaissance (the exterior is entirely unadorned)
Synonyms: Sistine Chapel

Name: Saint Hedwig's Basilica
Location: Berlin, Germany
Construction period: 1747–1773; 1952–1963 (reconstructed)
Extra: A.Savin (Wikimedia Commons · WikiPhotoSpace) - Own work, FAL, Link
Info: Seat of the archbishop of Berlin. Modeled after the Pantheon in Rome.
Main style: Baroque, Neo-Classical
Architect: von Knobelsdorff; Hans Schwippert (reconstruction)

Name: Frauenkirche
Location: Munich, Bavaria, Germany
Construction period: 1468–1524
Extra: Diliff - Own work, CC BY 2.5, Link
Info: Seat of the archbishop of Munich and Freising. Emblem of Munich.
Main style: Gothic, Renaissance
Synonyms: (München)
Architect: Jörg von Halsbach

Name: Frauenkirche
Location: Dresden, Saxony, Germany
Construction period: 1726–1743 (destroyed 1945, rebuilt 1994–2005)
Extra: Netopyr - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Deutsche Fotothek‎, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, Link
pjt56 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Built by Lutheran citizens under a Catholic ruler. The church was heavily bombed in World War II and rebuilt after the reunification of Germany, as a part of an international reconstruction project. Thousands of old photographs and memories from eye witnesses were reviewed, and some of the original stones were used. The difference between the old and new stones is clearly visible, with the old stones being much darker from fire damage and weathering. Now a symbol of peace and reconciliation.
Not to be confused with the Frauenkirche in Munich.
Description: Baroque Lutheran church in Dresden
Main style: Baroque
Synonyms: (Dresden)

Name: Saint Mary's Church
Location: Lübeck, Germany
Construction period: 1250–1350
Extra: Mylius - Own work, GFDL 1.2, Link
Arnoldius - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-2005-0054 / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, Link
Info: Highest brick vault in the world (38.5 metres / 126 ft). About 70 other churches in the Baltic region are at least partly modeled after it. The old Hanseatic city of Lübeck is UNESCO World Heritage. In a 1942 air raid by the Royal Air Force, a large part of the church and about a fifth of Lübeck old town was destroyed.
Description: Lutheran church, archetype of north German Brick Gothic architecture.
Main style: Brick Gothic
Synonyms: Marienkirche (Lübeck)

Name: Palazzo Pubblico
Location: Siena, Tuscany, Italy
Construction period: 1297 - 1344
Extra: Myrabella - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Wpopp, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: The tower was designed to be taller than the tower in neighboring rival Florence; at the time it was the tallest structure in Italy.
Description: Medieval palace that used to serve as the seat of the Republic of Siena's government.
Main style: Italian medieval architecture; Gothic influences

Name: Altes Museum
Location: Berlin, Germany
Construction period: 1825 - 1830
Extra: © Ajepbah / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, Link
Info: Designed for the Prussian royal family's art collection, now houses the Antikensammlung (antiquities collection) of the Berlin State Museums.
Description: Neoclassical museum built for the Prussian royal family.
Main style: Neoclassical
Synonyms: Old museum
Architect: Karl Friedrich Schinkel

Name: Pantheon
Location: Rome, Italy
Construction period: 113–125 AD
Extra: Roberta Dragan - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.5, Link Macrons - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Bjørn Christian Tørrissen - Own work, http://bjornfree.com/galleries.html, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: The building is cylindrical with a portico of large granite Corinthian columns. The rotunda is covered by a large coffered concrete dome with a central opening (oculus). Almost two thousand years after it was built, the Pantheon's dome is still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome. The Latin inscription above the entrance means "Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, made [this building] when consul for the third time".
Description: Former Roman temple, now a Catholic church. Countless buildings have been modeled after it.
Main style: Classical Roman

Name: Burj Khalifa
Location: Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Construction period: 2004 - 2009
Extra: Donaldytong - commons:File:Burj Khalifa.jpg, originally from the author as noted below. Deleted from Commons by admin King of Hearts 5 November 2012., CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: With a total height of 829.8 m the tallest structure in the world since it's completion in 2009. The building was originally named Burj Dubai but was renamed in honour of the ruler of Abu Dhabi and president of the UAE, who granted monetary aid and funding to alleviate financial problems during construction.
Main style: Neo-futurism
Architect: Adrian Smith

Name: Villa Savoye
Location: Poissy, outside Paris, France
Construction period: 1928 - 1931
Extra: Valueyou (talk) - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Netphantm - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
LStrike - Self-photographed, CC-BY-SA 3.0/de, Link
Info: Built as a country retreat for the Savoye family. Huge influence on international modernism, embodying Le Corbusier's "Five Points" of architectural aesthetic: Ground-level pilotis elevate the building from the earth allowing the garden to extend below it (1), roof serves as garden or terrace, thus reclaiming nature (2), free floor plan (3), long horizontal windows for illumination and ventilation (4) and a freely-designed facade functioning merely as a skin for the walls and windows.
Description: Modernist villa designed by world-renowned Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier.
Main style: Modernist, Internationalism
Architect: Le Corbusier

Name: Flatiron Building
Location: Manhattan, NYC
Construction period: 1901 - 1902
Extra: Olahus, CC-SA 3.0, Link
Description: Iconic triangular building, landmark of New York City.
Main style: Renaissance Revival
Synonyms: orig. Fuller Building
Architect: Daniel Burnham, Frederick Dinkelberg

Name: Guggenheim Museum
Location: Manhattan, New York City
Construction period: completed in 1959
Extra: Jean-Christophe BENOIST - Own work, CC BY 3.0, Link
Info: Houses a continuously expanding collection of Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, early Modern, and contemporary art. A unique ramp gallery extends up from ground level in a long, continuous spiral along the outer edges of the building to end just under the ceiling skylight.
Main style: Modern
Synonyms: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright

Name: Fallingwater
Location: Mill Run, Pennsylvania, United States
Construction period: 1936–1939
Info: Promoting harmony between the structure and nature, Fallingwater borrows aspects from Japanese architecture. It was constructed as a weekend home for the Kaufmann family. Named a American National Historic Landmark in 1966.
Description: Critically acclaimed Modernist residence built partly over a waterfall.
Main style: Modern architecture, Organic
Synonyms: Kaufmann Residence
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright

Name: Buckingham Palace
Location: City of Westminster
Construction period: 1703, enlarged during 19th century
Extra: Diliff - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Became royal residence in 1837. A German bomb destroyed the palace chapel during World War II.
Description: Residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the UK.
Main style: Baroque
Synonyms: Buckingham House

Name: Space Needle
Location: Seattle, Washington, United States
Construction period: 1961
Extra: Cacophony - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: 184 m (605 ft) tall
Description: Observation tower in the Seattle Center, constructed for the 1962 World's Fair.

Name: Sydney Opera House
Location: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Construction period: 1959 - 1973
Extra: By Solvarsity - Camera, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
By Rtype909 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: The initial design concept supposedly came to architect Jørn Utzon while peeling an orange and noticing its segmented structure.
Description: Performing arts venue and cultural icon of Australia. One of the most famous and distinctive buildings of the 20th century.
Main style: Expressionist
Architect: Jørn Utzon

Name: Casa Batlló
Location: Eixample, Barcelona
Construction period: 1904
Extra: By ChristianSchd - This file was derived from:  Casa Batllo Overview Barcelona Spain.jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
By Sara Terrones - Viajar lo cura todo, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: Originally designed private residence for the wealthy Battlló family (pronounced 'bayo').
Description: Residence designed by Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí. Organic, skeletal structure with very few straight lines, as well as a colorful mosaic of broken ceramic tiles.
Main style: Modernisme, Art Nouveau
Synonyms: Casa dels ossos (House of Bones)
Architect: Antoni Gaudí

Name: Eiffel Tower
Location: Paris, France
Construction period: 1887 - 1889
Extra: By Benh LIEU SONG - File:Tour_Eiffel_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: With a height of 324 metres (1,063 ft) the Eiffel Tower was the tallest man-made structure in the world from 1889 to 1930.
Description: Constructed as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair. Global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world.
Synonyms: Tour Eiffel
Architect: Stephen Sauvestre

Name: Great Pyramid of Giza
Location: Giza, near Cairo, Egypt
Construction period: 2580 BC - 2560 BC
Extra: Nina - Own work, CC BY 2.5, Link
Olaf Tausch - Own work, CC BY 3.0, Link
R.F.Morgan - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: The oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Tallest man-made structure in the world from 2560 BC to 1311 AD, originally measuring 146.7 metres (481 ft) in height. Notice how close the pyramids are to the city of Giza.
Description: The largest pyramid in the Giza pyramid complex. Tomb built out of limestone and granite.
Synonyms: Pyramid of Khufu, Pyramid of Cheops

Name: Taj Mahal
Location: Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Construction period: 1632–53^
Extra: © Yann Forget / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Matthew T Rader - Taj Mahal Exterior with a minaret Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Donelson, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Built out of ivory-white marble. Attracts 7-8 million visitors each year.
Description: An Islamic mausoleum built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
Main style: Mughal
Synonyms: lit. 'Crown of the Palace'

Name: Dome of the Rock
Location: Jerusalem
Construction period: 688 - 692
Extra: Andrew Shiva / Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link, Link
Info: Built over the Foundation Stone, which is believed by some to be the place where God created Adam.
Description: Islamic shrine. Built over the Foundation Stone, which is of great religious significance in the Abrahamic religions.
Main style: Umayyad, Abbasid and Ottoman architecture
Synonyms: Qubbat al-Sakhrah

Name: Casa Milà
Location: Barcelona, Spain
Construction period: 1906 and 1912
Extra: Thomas Ledl - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
© José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Sergey Aleshin, www.artland.ru - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Once controversial among citizens for it's unusual undulating stone facade and twisted iron balconies. UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Description: Private residence designed by Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí.
Main style: Modernisme
Synonyms: La Pedrera, lit. "the stone quarry"
Architect: Antoni Gaudí

Name: One World Trade Center
Location: Manhattan, New York City
Construction period: 2006 - 2013
Extra: Matthew Bellemare - Freedom Tower, CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
Christian d fielding - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
John D. Morris - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Seventh highest in the world with a height: 541.3 m (1,776 ft), the height in feet being a deliberate reference to the year when the Declaration of Independence was signed. When viewed from street level, the tower appears to ascend to a pyramid point.
Description: Main building of the rebuilt World Trade Center complex. Tallest building in the western hemisphere.
Main style: Contemporary modern
Synonyms: Freedom Tower
Architect: David Childs

Name: Petronas Towers
Location: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Construction period: 1993 - 1996
Extra: Luke Watson (Lukeaw) - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Cmglee - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
James Kerwin from Tbilisi - The Twins | SE Asia 2019, CC BY 2.0, Link
Info: Facade elements resemble motifs found in Islamic art, and the cross section of the towers is based on a modified "Rub el Hizb", an Islamic symbol found on many emblems and flags.
Description: Tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004. Headquarters for Malaysian oil and gas company Petronas, and office space for many international companies.
Main style: Postmodern Islamic architecture
Synonyms: Menara Petronas
Architect: César Pelli

Name: Empire State Building
Location: Manhattan, New York City
Construction period: 1930 - 1931
Extra: Sam Valadi - https://www.flickr.com/photos/132084522@N05/17339180506, CC BY 2.0, Link, Link
Info: 443.2 m (1,454 ft) high. Following the collapse of the World Trade Center in 2001 it was once again NYC's tallest skyscraper until 2012, when it was surpassed by the rebuilt One World Trade Center.
Description: American cultural icon and tallest building in the world from 1931 to 1970.
Main style: Art Deco
Architect: Shreve, Lamb and Harmon

Name: Chrysler Building
Location: Manhattan, New York City
Construction period: 1928 - 1930
Extra: Norbert Nagel, Mörfelden-Walldorf, Germany - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Petri Krohn, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Paragon of the Art Deco architectural style.
Description: Originally served as headquarters for the Chrysler Corporation. Tallest building in the world from 1930 to 1931.
Main style: Art Deco
Architect: William Van Alen

Name: Gothic architecture
Info: Rib vault - made possible the great height typically found in Gothic buildings
Flying buttresses - direct the weight towards the side of the building
Spectacularly high spires - took so long to build that many Gothic churches have incomplete spires to this day, or spires made from different materials
Tracery - decorative subdivision of windows
Preceded by Romanesque, succeeded by Renaissance. Time period: 12th–17th century. The terms Neogothic and Gothic revival refer to an architectural movement starting in the 18-19th century which is heavily influenced by the Gothic style.
Description: Architectural style characterized by pointed arches. Widespread throughout Europe especially during the High and Late Middle Ages.

Name: Romanesque architecture
Info: Ground plans made up of simple geometric shapes. Square, circular or octagonal towers and spires. Thick walls, small windows, often fortress-like appearance.
Combines features of ancient Roman and Byzantine architecture. Succeeded by Gothic. Romanesque architecture in England is referred to as Norman.
Description: Architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches.

Name: Renaissance architecture
Info: Symmetrical facades with geometrical patterns, guiding one's eye towards the center. Semi-circular arches. Right-angled ground plans. Large hemispherical domes.
Preceeded by Gothic, succeeded by Baroque. Revival of ancient Greek and Roman architectural elements.
Description: Style of European architecture from 14th to 16th centuries. Emphasizes symmetry, proportion, geometry and regularity of its components.

Name: Neuschwanstein Castle
Location: Hohenschwangau, Bavaria, Germany
Construction period: 1869 - 1886
Extra: Ximonic, Simo Räsänen (post-processing) & Tauno Räsänen (photograph) / CC BY-SA
Info: Romantic interpretation of a Middle Age castle.
Description: Romanesque revival palace commissioned by King Ludwig II of Bavaria. Major German tourist attraction.
Main style: Romanesque revival
Synonyms: Schloss Neuschwanstein
Architect: Eduard Riedel

Name: Byzantine architecture
Extra: P.Cikovac - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Wooofer - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: From 330 AD to 1453. The Hagia Sophia in present-day Istanbul is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture.
Description: Architectural style of the Byzantine Empire. Characteristic features include: large dome over square central nave, round arches, elaborate golden mosaics.

Name: Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
Location: Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
Construction period: 1993 - 1997
Extra: PA - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Ardfern - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: The museum is clad in glass, titanium, and limestone.
Description: Modern art museum, widely admired work of contemporary architecture.
Main style: Postmodern, Deconstructivism
Architect: Frank Gehry

Name: Forbidden City
Location: Beijing, China
Construction period: 1406–1420
Extra: DrM4ng0 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Ekrem Canli - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Tommy Chen (Sumple) - Drawn by Sumple, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Haluk Comertel, CC BY 3.0, Link
Info: Residence of the Chinese Emperor during the Ming and Qing dynasties, from 1420 to 1924. Construction lasted 14 years and required more than a million workers.
Chinese architecture characteristics:
Bilateral symmetry - signifying balance
Enclosure -  courtyards, separation of public and private space
Hierarchy - size, placement and orientation of buildings reflect their relative importance
Horizontal emphasis - highlighting breadth rather than height, in contrast to Western architecture
Cosmological concepts - Feng shui, Daoism, mythical imagery
Description: Huge palace complex in the center of Beijing. Was the ceremonial and political center of the Chinese government for almost 500 years.
Main style: Chinese palatial architecture
Synonyms: 故宫 (Gùgōng)
Architect: Kuai Xiang

Name: Great Wall of China
Location: Northern China
Construction period: Discontinuously between 7th century BC and 17th century AD
Extra: Severin.stalder, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Bairuilong - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Maximilian Dörrbecker (Chumwa), CC BY-SA 2.5, Link
Info: The Great Wall is by no means a continuous structure, but rather a vast complex of fortification systems built by many different dynasties. The oldest sections of the wall date back to the 7th century BC, but the most well-known sections of the wall are from the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). The entire wall complex measures 21,196 km (13,171 mi). Claims that the Great Wall is visible from the moon have been debunked. From the International Space Station however, it is visible to the naked eye under favorable viewing conditions (see image).
Description: Fortification systems built along the historical northern borders of China to protect against raiding nomadic tribes.
Synonyms: 万里长城 (Wànlǐ Chángchéng)

Name: Temple of Heaven
Location: Beijing, China
Construction period: 1406 - 1420
Extra: Philip Larson - Beijing, China, CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
Daniel Case - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Chinese architecture characteristics:
Bilateral symmetry - signifying balance
Enclosure -  courtyards, separation of public and private space
Hierarchy - size, placement and orientation of buildings reflect their relative importance
Horizontal emphasis - highlighting breadth rather than height, in contrast to Western architecture
Cosmological concepts - Feng shui, Daoism, mythical imagery
Description: Complex of religious buildings constructed for the Emperors of the Chinese Ming and Qing dynasties.
Synonyms: 天坛 (Tiāntán)

Name: Giant Wild Goose Pagoda
Location: Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
Construction period: 652, rebuilt in 704
Info: Leans several degrees to the west. Stands at a height of 64 m (210 ft) tall, offering a good view of the city of Xi'an.
Description: Seven-storied Buddhist pagoda in China, erected during the Tang dynasty.
Synonyms: 大雁塔 (Dàyàn tǎ)

Name: Potala Palace
Location: Lhasa, Tibet, China
Construction period: 1645 - 1694
Extra: Coolmanjackey - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: 117 m (384 ft) high, built at an altitude of 3,700 m (12,100 ft), on the side of Marpo Ri ("Red Hill"). Thirteen storeys of buildings containing over 1,000 rooms, 10,000 shrines and 200,000 statues.
Description: Tibetan Buddist fortress and winter palace for the Dalai Lama for over 300 years.
Main style: Tibetan

Name: Shanghai Tower
Location: Pudong, Shanghai, China
Construction period: 2008 - 2014
Extra: Baycrest - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.5, Link
Info: Nine cylindrical sections stacked atop each other. Covered by a two layered transparent facade, of which the outer layer twists as it rises.
Description: Third-tallest building in the world, and the tallest in Shanghai's skyline.
Synonyms: 上海中心大厦 (Shànghǎi Zhōngxīn Dàshà)
Architect: Jun Xia

Name: Oriental Pearl Tower
Location: Shanghai, China
Construction period: 1991-1994
Extra: Dmitry A. Mottl - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
King of Hearts - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: Tallest structure in China from 1994–2007. Consists of 11 different-sized spheres that are linked by enormous columns. Features a revolving restaurant at the 267 m (876 ft) level.
Description: TV tower in Shanghai and distinct landmark of the city.
Synonyms: 东方明珠塔 (Dōngfāng Míngzhūtǎ)

Name: Skytree
Location: Tokyo, Japan
Construction period: 2008–2012
Extra: Kakidai - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Resembles a 5-storey pagoda from historical Japan. Built to reduce radio interference caused by the numerous skyscrapers in Tokyo.
Description: Broadcasting and observation tower in Tokyo. Second tallest structure in the world.
Main style: Postmodern, Neo-futurism
Synonyms: 東京スカイツリー (Tōkyō Sukaitsurī)
Architect: Nikken Sekkei

Name: Horyuji Temple
Location: Ikaruga, Nara Prefecture, Japan
Construction period: Founded in 607, reconstructed after burning down in 670
Extra: 663highland - Own work, CC BY 2.5, Link
Reggaeman - photo by Reggaeman, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Plethora of Buddist art and treasures from the sixth and seventh centuries. Five-story pagoda.
Description: Buddhist temple in Japan. Its main hall is the world's oldest wooden building.
Main style: Japanese architecture; Chinese and Korean influences
Synonyms: 法隆寺, Temple of the Flourishing Dharma

Name: Himeji Castle
Location: Himeji, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
Construction period: 1333, expanded in 16th and 17th century
Info: Also known as the White Egret Castle because of its brilliant white exterior and supposed resemblance to a bird taking flight.
Description: Castle complex. Finest surviving example of prototypical Japanese castle architecture.
Synonyms: 姫路城 (Himeji-jō)

Name: Sanjusangen-do
Location: Higashiyama, Kyoto, Japan
Construction period: 1164
Extra: 663highland - Own work, CC BY 2.5, Link
Info: 120 meters long.
Description: Tendai Buddhist temple with an incredibly long main hall and a vast collection of religious sculptures.
Synonyms: 三十三間堂, thirty-three ken hall

Name: El Castillo in Chichen Itza
Location: Yucatán, Mexico
Construction period: Between 8th and 12th century
Extra: Daniel Schwen - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Frank Kovalchek - originally posted to Flickr as Serpent head at the base of El Castillo, CC BY 2.0, Link
Description: Mayan step-pyramid in the center of the archaeological site of Chichen Itza in Yucatán, Mexico.
Synonyms: Temple of Kukulcan

Name: Angkor Wat
Location: Siem Reap, Cambodia
Construction period: 12th century
Extra: Dennis Jarvis - Flickr: Cambodia_2638B - Angkor Wat, CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
Diego Delso, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Originally constructed as a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Vishnu for the Khmer Empire, it was gradually transformed into a Buddhist temple at the end of the 12th century.
Description: Temple complex in Cambodia. With a site measuring 162.6 hectares (402 acres) the largest religious monument in the world.
Main style: Khmer

Name: Colosseum
Location: Rome, Italy
Construction period: 70–80 AD
Extra: Bert Kaufmann from Roermond, Netherlands - Colosseum / Colosseo / Coliseum, CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
Info: Used for gladiator contests, reenactments of famous battles, animal hunts and dramas. The exterior consists of four levels, with the bottom three levels composed of 80 arches each.
Description: Icon of Imperial Rome. An ancient elliptical amphitheatre that had a capacity of 50,000 to 80,000 spectators.
Main style: Roman classical
Synonyms: Amphitheatrum Flavium (Flavian Amphitheatre)

Name: Faisal Mosque
Location: Islamabad, Pakistan
Construction period: 1976-1988
Extra: Alimrankdev - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Hamza440 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Instead of using traditional domes, the mosque is designed with an eight sided main hall that was inspired by the shape of a Bedouin tent. Capacity of 300,000.
Description: National mosque of Pakistan.
Main style: Contemporary Islamic architecture
Architect: Vedat Dalokay

Name: Alhambra
Location: Granada, Andalusia, Spain
Construction period: 889, rebuilt mid-13th century
Extra: Berthold Werner, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Harvey Barrison from Massapequa, NY, USA - Granada_2015 10 22_2123, CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
jvwpc - Flickr, CC BY 2.0, Link
Info: Built by princes of the Muslim Nasrid dynasty. Courtyards and rooms are decorated with masterfully worked details, arabesques and other ornaments. One remarkable feature is the dome above the Hall of the Abencerrajes, which is an intricately carved geometric stalactite design. The Alhambra's romantic charm inspired countless authors, musicians and artists from all over the world and is a major tourist magnet.
Description: Palace and castle complex in Granada. Roman ruin reconstructed under the Emirate of Granada and again after the Christian Reconquista.
Main style: Islamic Moorish architecture; Renaissance restoration efforts
Synonyms: الْحَمْرَاء‎ (Al-Ḥamrāʾ = the Red One)

Name: Citadel of Aleppo
Location: Aleppo, Syria
Construction period: Between 3rd millennium BC - 12th century AD
Extra: © Guillaume Piolle, CC BY 3.0, Link
Bernard Gagnon - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Lazhar Neftien - https://www.flickr.com/photos/lazhar/5302358118/, CC BY 2.0, Link
By Gianfranco Gazzetti / GAR, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: Occupied by many civilizations over time, including the Greeks, Byzantines, Ayyubids, Mamluks and Ottomans. The majority of the construction as it stands today is thought to originate from the Ayyubid period. Contains many remarkable  structures, including a large theatre, throne hall, hammam (traditional bathhouse) and massive defensive structures.
The Citadel was damaged during the Syrian war, but is now under repair and reopened to the public.
Description: Medieval fortress in the center of Aleppo. Dating back to the 3rd millennium BC it is one of the oldest and largest castles in the world.
Synonyms: قلعة حلب (Qaleata Haleb)

Name: Borobudur
Location: Magelang, Java, Indonesia
Construction period: 9th century
Extra: Gunawan Kartapranata - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link, Link
© CEphoto, Uwe Aranas, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link, Link
Info: Built during the reign of the Sailendra Dynasty as a Mahayana Buddhist temple. Consists of nine stacked platforms, topped by a central dome, or stupa. The dome is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues, each seated inside a perforated stupa. When viewed from above, the site takes the form of a giant tantric Buddhist mandala. Major Buddhist pilgramage site and tourist destination.
Description: The world's largest Buddhist temple.
Main style: Javanese Buddhist architecture; influences of Indian Gupta art
Synonyms: Candi Borobudur, ꦧꦫꦧꦸꦝꦸꦂ

Name: Lakshmana Temple
Location: Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India
Construction period: 10th century
Extra: Christopher Voitus - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Antoine Taveneaux - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Contains all central elements of Hindu temple architecture:
Ardh-mandapa - entrance porch
Mandapa - pillared hall
Maha-mandapa - main hall, larger than mandapa
Antrala - antechamber
Garbhagriha - innermost sanctuary with main idol
Description: Hindu temple dedicated to Vaikuntha Vishnu.
Main style: Hindu temple architecture

Name: Lotus Temple
Location: Delhi, India
Construction period: 1986
Extra: Vandelizer - https://www.flickr.com/photos/jeremy_vandel/99170173/sizes/o/, CC BY 2.0, Link
Dinudey Baidya from Bangalore, India - Interior of Lotus temple, CC BY 2.0, Link
Jools Asher from England - Flickr, CC BY 2.0, Link
Info: Nine-sided circular ground plan covered by 27 free-standing "petals" creating the the shape of a giant lotus flower. Like all Baháʼí Houses of Worship, anyone may enter the Lotus Temple to worship, gather or reflect.
Description: Baháʼí faith House of Worship, open to all religions. One of the most visited buildings in the world.
Main style: Expressionist
Architect: Fariborz Sahba

Name: Ajanta Caves
Location: Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Construction period: First phase: 2nd century BC; second phase: 400-650 CE
Extra: Freakyyash - photo taken by Freakyyash, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
C .SHELARE - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Consists of approximately 30 caves that are decorated with well-preserved murals and religious statues. The caves were made in two phases, several centuries apart. The majority of the caves are symmetrical square vihara halls (monastery) with attached dormitory cells. Most of the other caves are narrower worship halls with higher arched ceilings.
Description: Ancient Buddhist monument carved from rock. Contains many well-preserved masterpieces of Buddhist religious art.

Name: Chand Baori
Location: Abhaneri, Rajasthan, India
Construction period: 8th and 9th century
Extra: Tapesh Purohit - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Arpita Roy08 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: The stepwell was constructed in the extremely arid region to preserve rainwater. Because of the cool temperatures near the bottom of the well, it was used as a gathering place during heat periods.
Description: Monumental rectangular stepwell which decends 13 stories into the ground, with a large Hindu shrine.
Main style: Hindu Rajput architecture

Name: Khajuraho Monuments
Location: Chhatarpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Construction period: 950 AD - 1050 AD
Extra: Bhajish Bharathan - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Jean-Pierre Dalbéra - Flickr: Le Temple de Lakshmana (Khajurâho), CC BY 2.0, Link
Tangopaso - Own creation, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Built during the rule of the Chandela dynasty. Historical records indicates there were as many as 85 temples by the 12th century, however only about 25 temples have survived to this day. The temples are dedicated to two religions, suggesting a tradition of mutual acceptance among Hindus and Jains in the region. Only about 10% of the sculptures depict erotic scenes. The majority of the artwork at the temple is about daily life and symbolic values in ancient Indian culture.
Nagara style: Indian style of architecture found especially in the North, while Dravidian architecture is more prevalent in the South.
Description: Group of Hindu and Jain temples. Famously decorated with erotic sculptures.
Main style: Nagara style of Hindu temple architecture
Synonyms: खजुराहो, Kharjuravāhaka

Name: Golden Temple
Location: Amritsar, Punjab, India
Construction period: First Sikh shrine on the site: 1589; current structure built between 1809-1830
Extra: Oleg Yunakov, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Marsmux - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Amritpal Singh Mann - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: Destroyed and rebuilt multiple times, a consequence of religious persecution. Most recently in 1984, Indira Gandhi sent in the Indian Army as part of 'Operation Blue Star', leading to over 1,000 deaths of Sikh soldiers and civilians, and causing much damage to the Gurdwara.
Architecturally, the Golden Temple combines different styles of the Indian subcontinent, including Indo-Islamic Mughal and Hindu Rajput architecture.
Description: Most significant Gurdwara (place of worship) in Sikhism.
Synonyms: Darbār Sahib

Name: Al-Masjid an-Nabawi
Location: Al Haram, Medina, Saudi Arabia
Construction period: 622-623
Extra: Muhammad Mahdi Karim - Own work, GFDL 1.2, Link
Sekretärin - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link, Link
Info: The Green Dome is situated above the tombs of Muhammad and early Muslim Caliphs. The Piazza in front of the mosque is shaded by 250 retractable umbrellas, covering an area of 150,000 m². The COVID-19 pandemic has been the first time in modern times that the mosque was closed to visitors.
Description: Mosque founded by the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Considered the second-holiest site in Islam.
Main style: Islamic architecture
Synonyms: (The Prophetic Mosque) المسجد النبوي‎

Name: Great Mosque of Mecca
Location: Mecca, Hejaz, Saudi Arabia
Construction period: Founded in 7th century, continuously altered and expanded until today
Extra: Al Jazeera English - A packed house, CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
Md iet - CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
saudipics - http://saudipics.com/images/preview/54, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: Main destination of the Hajj, a mandatory pilgrimage for Muslims that should be carried out at least once in their lifetimes. Has a capacity of 4 million worshippers. Contains many important religious relics.
Description: Mosque surrouonding the Kaaba in the city of Mecca. Most significant mosque and important pilgrimage site in the Islamic faith.
Main style: Islamic architecture
Synonyms: (al-Masjid al-Ḥarām) اَلْمَسْجِدُ ٱلْحَرَامُ

Name: Harpa Concert Hall
Location: Reykjavík, Iceland
Construction period: 2007-2011
Extra: Robert Montgomery, CC BY 2.0, Link
photovicky, Link
Info: Steel framework clad with geometric shaped glass panels of different colours.
Description: Concert hall and conference center with a colored glass facade inspired by the basalt landscape of Iceland.
Main style: Contemporary
Architect: Henning Larsen Architects and Ólafur Elíasson (facade design)

Name: Heydar Aliyev Center
Location: Baku, Azerbaijan
Construction period: 2007-2012
Extra: Asif Masimov - Template:Masimovasif.net, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Emin Allahverdi - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: Flowing, curved style of architecture without any sharp angles. Named after Heydar Aliyev, the first secretary of Soviet Azerbaijan and president of Azerbaijan Republic.
Description: Award winning cultural center in the capital of Azerbaijan designed by Iraqi-British architect Zaha Hadid.
Main style: Postmodern, Neo-futurism
Synonyms: Heydər Əliyev Mərkəzi
Architect: Zaha Hadid

Name: Cathedral of Brasília
Location: Brasília, Brazil
Construction period: 1958-1970
Extra: Rodrigo de Almeida Marfan - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Albery Santini Júnior - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: Hyperboloid structure consisting of 16 concrete columns. From the outside, the concrete frame almost seems to be reaching up towards heaven. The interior creates a celestial athmosphere with the coloured glass roof and angel sculptures suspended from the ceiling. A 20-meter (66 ft) bell tower stands outside the cathedral.
Description: Modernist Roman catholic basilica in the capital of Brasil.
Main style: Modernist
Synonyms: Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora Aparecida (Metropolitan Cathedral of Our Lady of Aparecida)
Architect: Oscar Niemeyer

Name: Milwaukee Art Museum
Location: Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Construction period: Art museum founded in 1888; the Quadracci pavilion was completed in 2001.
Extra: PeterSesar - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Dsv - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: The iconic Quadracci pavilion contains a movable, wing-like brise soleil that opens up during the day, folding over the tall, arched structure at night.
Description: On of the largest art museums in the United States, containing nearly 25,000 works of art.
Main style: Modernist
Synonyms: MAM
Architect: Santiago Calatrava

Name: Dancing House
Location: Prague, Czech Republic
Construction period: 1992-1996
Extra: Bobby-John de Bot - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Mounirzok - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: Nicknamed Fred and Ginger (after dancers Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers). The glass tower "Ginger" leans against concrete tower "Fred".
Description: Building for Dutch insurance company Nationale-Nederlanden, resembling a pair of dancers.
Main style: Postmodern, Deconstructivist
Synonyms: Tančící dům
Architect: Vlado Milunić and Frank Gehry

Name: Ryugyong Hotel
Location: Pyongyang, North Korea
Construction period: Since 1987
Extra: Joseph Ferris III, CC BY 2.0, Link
Wario2 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: 330 m tall (1,080 ft), by far the tallest structure in North Korea. Completion has been repeatedly delayed due to economic crisis in the country. In 2018 a massive LED display showing animations and movie scenes was added to the skyscraper's facade.
Description: Unfinished, pyramid-shaped skyscraper in North Korea's capital.
Main style: Postmodern, Neo-futurism
Synonyms: 류경호텔
Architect: Baikdoosan Architects & Engineers
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Name: Great Mosque of Djenné
Location: Djenné, Mali
Construction period: Current structure completed in 1907. First mosque on the site:13th century.
Extra: Ruud Zwart - Photo taken by Ruud Zwart, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Elian, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Adobe (Spanish for mudbrick) is a building material made from sun-baked earth and organic materials. The walls are coated with a plaster, giving the building its smooth look. Bundles of rodier palm sticks are embedded in the walls for decoration and serve as scaffolding for repairs. The entire community of Djenné participates in maintaining the structure via a unique annual festival. Due to erosion caused by seasonal rains, repairs need to be done every year.
Description: Large adobe mosque and a famous landmark of the African continent.
Main style: Sudano-Sahelian architecture (indigenous architectural style of the Sahel and Sudanian regions)
Synonyms: الجامع الكبير في جينيه

Name: The Shard
Location: London, England
Construction period: 2009-2012
Extra: User:Colin / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
mattbuck (category) - Own work by mattbuck., CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: 95 storeys, 309.6 m tall (1,016 ft). 95% owned by the State of Qatar. Italian architect Renzo Piano was inspired by the railway lines next to the site, the London spires and the masts of sailing ships.
Description: Glass-clad pyramidal skyscraper, tallest building in the United Kingdom.
Main style: Postmodern, Neo-futurism
Synonyms: London Bridge Tower
Architect: Renzo Piano

Name: Santuario de Las Lajas
Location: Nariño, Colombia
Construction period: 1916-1949
Extra: Diego Delso, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link, Link
Description: Gothic revival basilica built on a bridge crossing the canyon of the Guáitara River.
Main style: Gothic revival
Synonyms: Las Lajas Sanctuary

Name: Lloyd's building
Location: London, England
Construction period: 1978-1986
Extra: Tristan Surtel - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Lloyd's of London - Source, CC BY 2.5, Link
© User:Colin / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: All services, including staircases, lifts, ductwork, power and water lines are on the exterior, leaving an uncluttered space inside. Grade I listed structure in England. Owned by Chinese insurance company Ping An since 2013, but Lloyd's has been the building's tenant since its completion.
Description: Home of the insurance institution Lloyd's of London.
Main style: Structural expressionism; Bowellism (inside-out style, with the 'bowels' of the building, meaning ducts and lifts, located on the exterior)
Architect: Richard Rogers and Partners

Name: Parkroyal Collection Pickering
Location: Singapore
Construction period: Completed 2013
Extra: Erwin Soo, Singapore - Cropped from Flickr version: Parkroyal on Pickering, CC BY 2.0, Link
Erwin Soo. - Flickr: Closer to nature than to stone, CC BY 2.0, Link
Info: 15,000 m^2 of elevated gardens. Minimal energy consumption through usage of solar cells, motion sensors, rainwater harvesting and reclaimed water.
Description: Award-winning luxury hotel in downtown Singapore. Designed as a "hotel-in-a-garden" with self-sustaining sky gardens, green walls and water features.
Main style: Contemporary modern, Organic
Architect: Singaporean architecture firm WOHA

Name: Paro Taktsang
Location: Paro, Bhutan
Construction period: Built in 1692. Meditation cave established in 8th century.
Extra: Douglas J. McLaughlin (Photograph edited by Vassil) - Own work, CC BY 2.5, Link
Info: Buddhist master Padmasambhava is said to have meditated in the cave in the 8th century. He is credited with introducing Buddhism to Bhutan. The monastery, consisting of four main temples and residential shelters "clings to the side of the mountain like a gecko".
Description: Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Bhutan built around a sacred cave.
Main style: Bhutanese; Tibetan Buddhist architecture
Synonyms: སྤ་གྲོ་སྟག་ཚང་, Tiger's Nest

Name: Ranganathaswamy Temple
Location: Srirangam, Tamil Nadu, India
Construction period: Established in 9th century, rebuilt in 14th century, continuously expanded in 16th and 17th centuries.
Extra: Richard Mortel from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia - Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, dedicated to Vishnu, in Srirangam, near Tiruchirappali (24), CC BY 2.0, Link
Jean-Pierre Dalbéra from Paris, France - Le temple de Srirangam (Tiruchirapalli, Inde), CC BY 2.0, Link
Info: Inscriptions suggest that this temple functioned as a not spiritual, economic, educational and charitable institution. 21 monumental gopurams (tower gateways) mark the entrance to the temple. It is a significant pilgrimage site for HIndus of various traditions.
Description: The largest functioning Hindu temple in the world. Dedicated to Ranganatha, a form of the Supreme God Maha Vishnu.
Main style: Dravidian (South Indian temple architecture)
Synonyms: Thiruvarangam

Name: Santuário Dom Bosco
Location: Brasília, Brazil
Construction period: 1963
Extra: Agência Brasília from Brasília, Brasil - Santuário Dom Bosco, CC BY 2.0, Link
GerthMichael - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
Info: Concrete columns converge into pointed arches, reminiscent of Gothic architecture. The interior is tinted blue through the use of coloured glass bricks, creating the athmosphere of a clear night sky.
Main style: Neogothic
Architect: Carlos Alberto Naves

Name: Bublik Apartments
Location: Moscow, Russia
Construction period: 1972
Info: Built for the Summer Olympics of 1980. Originally, 5 rings were planned to resemble the Olympic sign. The first building however became too expensive to maintain so that the project had to be cancelled. Holds 913 apartments.
Khrushchyovka is an unofficial name for low-cost, concrete-paneled apartment buildings developed in the Soviet Union.
Description: Cylindrical Soviet style apartment building.
Main style: Brutalism, Khrushchyovka
Synonyms: lit. bagel
Architect: Eugene Stamo, Aleksandr Markelov

Name: Shah-i-Zinda
Location: Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Construction period: Countinuously expanded from 9th - 15th centuries. Reconstruction work done during 16th to 19th centuries.
Extra: Arian Zwegers, CC BY 2.0, Link
Fulvio Spada from Torino, Italy - Shah-i-Zinda, Samarkand, CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
Info: Kusam ibn Abbas, a cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, is said to be buried here. During the 14th century multiple mausoleums were added for rulers of the Timurid dynasty.
Description: Islamic necropolis in Uzbekistan.
Synonyms: Shohizinda, شاه زنده, "The Living King"

Name: Parthenon
Location: Acropolis, Athens, Greece
Construction period: 447 BC - 432 BC
Extra: Steve Swayne - File:O Partenon de Atenas.jpg, originally posted to Flickr as The Parthenon Athens, CC BY 2.0, Link
Jordi Payà from Barcelona, Catalonia. Animated by Fallschirmjäger - parthenon, CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
Io Herodotus - Own work,  CC BY-SA 4.0, Link
Info: Constructed at the peak of the Athenian Empire, dedicated to the goddess and patron Athena. Enduring symbol of Ancient Greece, Athenian democracy and Western civilization.
Description: Former Greek temple, most important surviving building of Classical Greece.
Main style: Classical Greek
Synonyms: Παρθενώνας (Parthenónas)

Name: Baroque architecture
Extra: Robert Ducher, «Caractéristique des styles», CC BY-SA 2.0, Link
Info: Domes with gloriously painted interiors (often with angels, sculpted sunbeams). Elliptical, oval or curved spaces, few right angles. Quadratura and trompe-l'oeil (method of painting, especially of ceilings, with the illusion of three-dimensionality). Grand stairways, large mirrors. Preceded by Renaissance, followed by Neoclassical.
Rococo (Late Baroque)
Rococo is the final expression of Baroque architecture, and takes the lavishness of Baroque a step further. In contrast to regular Baroque, it partially abandons symmetry, typically features warm pastel colours, and often uses flowers and sometimes Chinese and Japanese motifs (Orientalism).
Description: European architecture style from the 17th and early 18th century. Characterized by luxurious ornamentation, grandeur, and curved and oval shapes that create a sense of motion.

Name: Templo de San Francisco Acatepec
Location: San Francisco Acatepec, Puebla, Mexico
Construction period: 16th century, completed 1760
Extra: Luisalvaz - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, Link, Link
Info: The influence of indigenous art is reflected in this vibrant and playful design. Talavera is a type of glazed pottery from the region.
Description: Colonial religious building recognized for its Talavera mosaic facade.
Main style: Mexican Baroque
Synonyms: Church of San Francisco Acatepec

Name: Neoclassical architecture
Info: Neoclassicism started as a reaction against the excess of the Baroque and Rococo movements, returning to a more simplistic, planar and pure direction. With the Age of Enlightenment came developments in archaeology: excavations in Pompeii and Herculaneum provided case studies and fresh inspiration for a new generation of architects. Neoclassicism eventually became an international movement, with many nations making their own unique contributions.
Description: Architectural style from 18th and 19th century Europe. Emphasis on symmetry, simple geometry and clear lines, inspired by Ancient Greco-Roman Classical architecture.