Title: Theory / Unimportant / Human / Mnemonic / How-to-Formulate-Knowledge;
Tags: hasSeenConjDef

Question: my speed of learning depends on what?
Answer: how I formulate the material

Question: how I formulate the material determines what?
Answer: the speed of learning

Question: the same material can be learned [...] if well formulated
Answer: the same material can be learned many times faster if well formulated

Question: do not [...] if I do not understand
Answer: do not learn if I do not understand

Question: do not learn if I do not
Answer: understand

Question: learning a German history book word for word is an example of what?
Answer: learning what you do not understand

Question: before anything else, always [...] the material!
Answer: before anything else, always understand the material!

Question: learning items I do not understand will do what?
Answer: pollute my learning process

Question: the time needed for what is astronomical?
Answer: "blind learning"
(learning what you do not understand)

Question: build a picture of the whole before doing what?
Answer: breaking it down into simple items

Question: before breaking an item down into simpler items, what should I do?
Answer: build a picture of the whole

Question: if the whole shows holes, I should...
Answer: review it again!

Question: do not start with [...] loosely related facts
Answer: do not start with memorizing loosely related facts

Question: do not start with memorizing what?
Answer: loosely related facts
Extra: what you dont understand

Question: what should I do instead of memorizing loosely related facts?
Answer: read something that puts them together

Question: always start with the
Answer: basics

Question: a simpler picture of the learned whole is what?
Answer: better

Question: what type of picture of the whole is better?
Answer: simpler

Question: what can you always do with simple models?
Answer: build on them later

Question: do not [...] the basics
Answer: do not neglect the basics

Question: how much of my time do the basics take?
Answer: a very small portion

Question: is memorizing obvious things a waste of time?
Answer: no!

Question: I ususally spend 50% of my time repeated how much of the material?
Answer: 3-5%

Question: a memory lapse on the basics is...
Answer: very bad

Question: formulated material must be as ... as possible.
Answer: simple

Question: what does simplifying not imply? (2 things)
Answer: losing information
Answer2: skipping the difficult parts

Question: simplicity is imperative because of...
Answer: how the brain works

Question: two reasons knowledge must be simple
Answer: easier to remember
easier to schedule

Question: simplicity is easier for the brain because you...
Answer: always process the idea in the same way

Question: in my brain, remembering an idea is like what?
Answer: running through a labyrinth

Question: the labyrinth in our minds is easiest to navigate when an idea is what?
Answer: simple

Question: what should always be as short as possible?
Answer: answers
Context: Flash card

Question: the longer it takes to [...] an idea, the simpler it needs to be
Answer: remember

Question: the longer it takes to remember an idea, the [...] it needs to be
Answer: the longer it takes to remember an idea, the simpler it needs to be

Question: answers should be as [...] as possible
Answer: answers should be as short as possible

Question: how do I ideally want my brain to work each repetition
Answer: exactly the same way

Question: I want my brain to work exactly the same way each...
Answer: repetition

Question: what should I do if simplifying isn't working?
Answer: look to the remaining rules

Question: this very card is an example of [...]
Answer: cloze deletion

Question: this very card is an [...] of cloze deletion
Answer: this very card is an example of cloze deletion

Question: cloze deletion is [... and ...]
Answer: cloze deletion is easy and effective

Question: what does cloze deletion greatly speed up?
Answer: memorizing

Question: is cloze deletion recommended for beginners?
Answer: yes! (highly)

Question: is close deletion effective for experienced learners?
Answer: yes!

Question: what do they say about pictures?
Answer: a picture is worth a thousand words

Question: images of information are usually far less [...] than words
Answer: images of information are usually far less volatile than words

Question: what is a problem with using imagery?
Answer: they can be time-consuming to make

Question: is using imagery always worthwhile?
Answer: no (because it's time-consuming)

Question: mnemonic techniques make remembering...
Answer: easier

Question: two common examples of mnemonic techniques?
Answer: peg lists
Answer2: mind maps

Question: peg lists and mind maps are examples of what?
Answer: mnemonic techniques

Question: graphic deletion requires doing what?
Answer: obstructing parts of an image

Question: is graphic deletion as good as cloze deletion?
Answer: yes

Question: what is great for learning things like anatomy and geography?
Answer: graphic deletion

Question: what is a set?
Answer: a collection of objects

Question: how hard is it to memorize a set?
Answer: very hard

Question: "apple, pear, peach" is an example of what?
Answer: a set

Question: "What countries belong to the EU?" is an example of what?
Answer: a set

Question: if a set is unavoidable, what should you do with it?
Answer: convert it to an enumeration

Question: which is better: enumerations or sets?
Answer: enumerations

Question: in general, what should I do with sets?
Answer: avoid them!

Question: what is an enumeration?
Answer: an ordered list

Question: listing the countries in the EU alphabetically is an example of what?
Answer: enumeration

Question: the way the 20 rules are presented in this deck is an example of what?
Answer: enumeration

Smaller0: enumerations
Greater0: set
Smaller to greater: are better than
Greater to smaller: are worse than

Question: how easy are enumerations to memorize?
Answer: hard

Question: what should I do with enumerations?
Answer: avoid them!

Question: if enumerations are necessary, what should I use on them?
Answer: cloze deletion

Question: what style of cloze deletion should be used with enumerations?
Answer: overlapping

Question: what easily happens when I learn about similar things?
Answer: I confuse them

Question: what is interference?
Answer: when knowledge of one item makes it hard to remember another item

Question: "when knowledge of one item makes it hard to remember another item"
Answer: interference

Question: confusing the meanings of historic and historical is an example of what?
Answer: interference

Question: what is the single greatest cause of forgetting?
Answer: interference

Question: what is the solution to interference? (2 parts)
Answer: detect
eliminate

Question: to combat interference, make items as...
Answer: unambiguous as possible

Question: make items as unambiguous as possible to do what?
Answer: combat interference

Question: the moment I spot interference, I should what?
Answer: eliminate it!

Question: "I know the meanings of inept and inapt, but I'm confusing the two" is an example of what?
Answer: interference

Question: what is 'optimizing wording'?
Answer: conveying an idea in as few words as necessary

Question: replacing
"Aldus invented desktop publishing with PageMaker but failed to improve. It was soon outdistanced by …"
with
"PageMaker lost ground to …"
is an example of what?
Answer: optimizing wording

Question: [...] involves using things you already know to simplify cards
Answer: referring to other memories involves using things you already know to simplify cards

Question: referring to other memories involves using things you [...] to simplify cards
Answer: referring to other memories involves using things you already know to simplify cards

Question: greatly enhance memories by linking them to what? (2 things)
Answer: personalized examples
Answer2: strong emotions

Question: "What is the name of a soft bed without arms or back? (like the one at Robert's parents)" is an example of what?
Answer: personalized examples

Question: personalized examples are very [...] to interference
Answer: personalized examples are very resistant to interference

Question: I have thousands of [...] on which I can build other memories
Answer: I have thousands of personal experiences on which I can build other memories

Question: I have thousands of personal experiences on which I can build other
Answer: memories (through personalized examples)

Question: what do strong emotions facilitate?
Answer: remembering

Question: why are vivid and shocking examples valuable?
Answer: they are easy to remember

Question: illustrate with examples that are [... or ...]
Answer: illustrate with examples that are vivid or shocking

Question: strong [...] facilitate remembering
Answer: strong emotions facilitate remembering

Question: context cues simplify
Answer: wording

Question: context cues [...] wording
Answer: context cues simplify wording

Question: context cues put ideas within a...
Answer: category

Question: what puts ideas within a category?
Answer: context cues

Question: "title:, author:, date:, math:, biochem:, etc" are examples of...
Answer: context cues

Question: what does redundancy mean having?
Answer: duplicate information

Question: does redundancy contradict the simplify principle?
Answer: no

Question: redundancy can be performed by repeating information using...
Answer: various methods

Question: what do sources help to distinguish?
Answer: conflicting information

Question: what do sources help to judge about an idea? (2 things)
Answer: reliability
importance

Question: sources may not be necessary for what types of knowledge? (2 types)
Answer: well-tested
proven

Question: date stamping means including the date the information was [... or ...]
Answer: date stamping means including the date the information was created or retrieved

Question: when is date stamping particularly useful?
Answer: when knowledge is volatile

Question: volatile knowledge is knowledge that is...
Answer: subject to change over time

Question: prioritize, because some sources are...
Answer: better than others

Question: what should I do rather than memorize whole books?
Answer: prioritize

Question: putting less important information in parentheses helps to what?
Answer: prioritize
(put some less important information here)

Question: what helps me deal with sources that vary in quality?
Answer: prioritizing

Question: what does it make sense to do, other than memorizing whole books?
Answer: prioritize (focus on what's important)

Name: peg list
Definition: Once and for all: Linking nouns to numbers.
Page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemonic_peg_system
Definition2: when you want to recall a list, associate the nouns to elements of the list
Conjdef: both
Etymology: numbers are the peg of the system.

Name: context cues
Definition: information from pictures or from sentences surrounding the unknown word.
Page: http://www.ldonline.org/spearswerling/The_Use_of_Context_Cues_in_Reading
French: repères contextuels