Title: Theory / Unimportant / Human / Thought / Thinking fast and slow
Tags: examplesSwitchExample1 récupéré MissingMedia

Name: System 1
Definition: System which operates automatically and quickly, with little or no effort and no sense of voluntary control.
Page: 21, 63
Chapter: Character of the story
Definition2: main function is to maintain and update a model of your personal world, which represents what is normal in it
Example: Detect that one object is more distant than another.
Orient to the source of a sudden sound.
Complete the phrase “bread and...”
Make a “disgust face” when shown a horrible picture.
Detect hostility in a voice.
Answer to 2 + 2 = ?
Read words on large billboards.
Drive a car on an empty road.
Find a strong move in chess (if you are a chess master).
Understand simple sentences.
Recognize that a “meek and tidy soul with a passion for detail” resembles an
occupational stereotype.

Name: System 2
Definition: System which allocates attention to the effortful mental activities that demand it, including complex computations.
Page: 21
Chapter: Character of the story
Example: agency, choice, and concentration.

Name: Muller-Illusion illusion
Page: 26
Chapter: Character of the story

Question: How to resist illusion
Answer: learn to mistrust your impressions
Page: 27
Chapter: Character of the story

Question: Which is the faster system
Answer: System 1
Page: 28
Chapter: Character of the story

Question: Which system runs constantly
Answer: System 1
Chapter: Character of the story

Question: Which system controls the other
Answer: System 2 controls System 1
Chapter: Character of the story

Name: Invisible gorilla
Definition: An experience in which a video is showing to participant. They are asked to count the number of ball sent by white team. A gorilla cross the video, and then participant are asked whether they saw the gorilla. Half missed it if the gorilla crosses at middle of video
Page: 32
Chapter: Character of the story

Name: What You See is All There is
Page: 73
Chapter: A Machine for Jumping to Conclusions
Example: Will Mindik be a good leader? She is intelligent and strong...” An answer quickly came to your mind, and it was yes. You picked the best answer based on the very limited information available, but you jumped the gun. What if the next two adjectives were corrupt and cruel?
Abbreviation: Wysiati

Smaller0: completeness
Greater0: consistency
Page: 73
Chapter: A Machine for Jumping to Conclusions
Smaller to greater: is less important than
Greater to smaller: is more important than
Context: To create a story sounding true (thinking fast and slow)

Name: Add-1 task
Definition: Start beating a steady rhythm (or better yet, set a metronome at 1/sec). Remove the blank card and read the four digits aloud. Wait for two beats, then report a string in which each of the original digits is incremented by 1. If the digits on the card are 5294, the correct response is 6305. Keeping the rhythm is important.
Page: 30
Chapter: 2

Name: Indication of mental effort
Definition: Dilatation of the pupils
Page: 30
Chapter: 2

Question: «An individual has been described by a neighbor as follows: “Steve is very shy andwithdrawn, invariably helpful but with little interest in people or in the world of reality. A meek and tidy soul, he has a need for order and structurut and stre, and a passion for detail.” Is Steve more likely to be a librarian or a farmer?»
Why most people answer wrongly
Answer: This caracterisation is similar to librarian cliché. This is seen by system I, and not the fact that there are far more farmer than librarian
Page: 12
Chapter: 1

Name: Flow
Definition: a state of effortless concentration so deep that they lose their sense of time, of themselves, of their problems
Page: 37
Chapter: 2

Question: How to figth Ego Depletion
Answer: Consume glucose
Page: 39
Chapter: 2

Name: Stanovitch's "rational person"
Definition: more alert, more intellectually active, less willing to be satisfied with superficially attractive answers, more skeptical about their intuitions
Page: 43
Chapter: 3
Name2: Kahneman "engaged person"

Question: How do you determine whether a name is famous or know
Answer: you consider the cognitive ease with which the name is processed

Question: How people determine whether some fact is true
Answer: whether a part of the fact seems familiar
Example: «Chicken body temperature is 40C» is judged more true when you are already primed with «chicken temperature»

Question: To sounds intelligent, which kind of language should you use
Answer: more easy vocabulary

Name: Surprise
Definition: the most sensitive indication of how we understand our world and what we expect from it.
Page: 65
Chapter: Norms, Surprises, and Causes
Section: Assessing Normality
Definition2: Either related to an actively expected event which does not occur. Or a passively unexpected event which occur

Name: Moses illusion
Definition: The fact that “How many animals of each kind did Moses take into the ark?” does not surprise people, but “How many animals of each kind did George W Bush take into the ark?” does
Page: 64
Chapter: Norms, Surprises, and Causes
Section: Assessing Normality

Name: rules of associative coherence
Definition: We don't remember exactly what did occur, but its idea.
Page: 64
Chapter: Norms, Surprises, and Causes
Section: Assessing Normality
Example: «After spending a day exploring beautiful sights in the crowded streets of New York, Jane discovered that her wallet was missing.» evoke more «pick-pocket» than «sight»
Example2: “How many animals of each kind did Moses take into the ark?” seems right

Smaller0: the conclusion c is likely to be correct
Greater0: jumping to the conclusion c is efficient
Page: 69
Chapter: 7 A Machine for Jumping to Conclusions
Variables: c a conclusion
Smaller1: the conclusion c has a acceptable cost in case of error
Smaller2: jumping to c saves much time

Smaller0: the situation is unfamiliar
Greater0: jumping to the conclusion c is risky
Page: 69
Chapter: 7 A Machine for Jumping to Conclusions
Variables: c a conclusion
Smaller1: the stakes are high
Connect Smaller0: or
Smaller2: there is no time to collect more information
Connect Smaller1: and

Question: How to prove halo effect
Answer: Grade students by reading all of their work, or by grading first exercice from all student, then second exercice, etc...
In first case, notes are homogeneous for a student, all great or all bad.
Otherwise, there is more diversity
Page: 71
Chapter: 7 A Machine for Jumping to Conclusions
Section: Exaggerated Emotional Coherence (Halo Effect)
Answer2: Describe
Alan: intelligent—industrious—impulsive—critical—stubborn—envious
Ben: envious—The stubborn—critical—impulsive—industrious—intelligent
Alan seems better than Ben

Question: How to ensure, in a meeting, that everyone gives their first idea, uninfluenced
Answer: ask people to write down what they'll say before anyone speak
Page: 73
Chapter: 7 A Machine for Jumping to Conclusions
Section: Exaggerated Emotional Coherence (Halo Effect)

Question: What make you sure of your opinion
Answer: Having no contradiction in evidence, and not having seen all evidences
Page: 73
Chapter: 7 A Machine for Jumping to Conclusions
Section: Exaggerated Emotional Coherence (Halo Effect)
Extra: heard it often