Title: Theory / Unimportant / CS / Hardware / Structured computer organization - Tanenbaum, Austin / 1 Introduction
Tags: fromMath mathToSee
On every note of this deck, unless a note says otherwise:
Chapter: 1

Name: A machine language
Definition: A language of simple instruction used to communicate with the computer
Page: 1

Name: Structured computer organization
Definition: The principle of building computers, layer by layer, each layer using the below layers
Page: 2

Name: Translation
Definition: Replacing each instruction of \(L1\) by equivalent instructions of \(L0\)
Page: 2
Section: 1.1
Variables: \(L0\) the language known by the computer,
\(L1\) be another language

Name: Interpretation
Definition: Creating a program in \(L0\), reading an \(L1\) program as input and executing its instructions
Page: 2
Section: 1.1
Variables: \(L0\) the language known by the computer,
\(L1\) be another language

Name: A virtual machine
Definition: An hypothetical machine, able to execute some language
Page: 3
Section: 1.1
Denoted by: \(Mi\) for some layer \(i\)

Name: A layer
Definition: A pair consisting of a language \(Li\) and a virtual machine \(Mi\) assumed to execute it
Page: 3
Section: 1.1
Name2: A level

Question: Objects of the digital logic level are
Answer: gates
Page: 5
Chapter: 1
Section: 1.2

Name: A gate
Definition: Something with one or more digital input which computes as output some simple function of these inputs
Page: 5
Section: 1.2

Name: A digit
Definition: 0 or 1
Page: 5
Section: 1.2
Context: Computer

Name: A register
Definition: A group of 1-bit memories
Page: 5
Section: 1.2

Name: A 1-bit memory
Definition: A storage containing either a 0 or a 1
Page: 5
Section: 1.2

Name: A microarchitecture level
Definition: Collection of register that form a local memory and ALU
Page: 6
Section: 1.2

Name: Arithmetic Logic Unit
Definition: A circuit capable of performing simple arithmetic operations
Page: 6
Section: 1.2
Abbreviation: ALU

Name: A data path
Definition: Connection from registers to ALU
Page: 6
Section: 1.2

Name: A microprogram
Definition: Something which controls the datapath
Page: 6
Section: 1.2

Name: Instruction Set Architecture level
Definition: Machine's instruction set
Page: 6
Section: 1.2
Name2: Level 2
Abbreviation: ISA level

Name: Operating system machine level
Definition: Hybrid level with instruction from the ISA level and other instructions for the OS
Page: 7
Name2: Level 3
Typ: Intepreted

Name: System programmers
Definition: Programmers who specialize in designing and implementing new virtual machines.
Page: 7

Name: Assembly language
Definition: A symbolic form for one of the underlying language
Page: 7
Name2: Level 4
Typ: Usually translated

Name: The assembler
Definition: A program which transform assembly language into code for lower level
Page: 7

Name: High-level languages
Definition: languages designed to be used by applications programmers with problems to solve
Page: 7

Name: Compilers
Definition: A program which translate high-level languages into level 3 or 4
Page: 7

Name: The architecture of \(l\)
Definition: The set of data types, operations and features of \(l\)
Page: 8
Variables: \(l\) a level

Name: Computer architecture
Definition: The study of how to design those parts of a computer system that are visible to the programmers
Page: 8
Variables: \(l\) a level

Name: Hardware
Definition: Electronic circuits along with the memory and input/output device
Page: 8
Section: 1.3

Name: Software
Definition: Algorithms and their representation
Page: 8
Section: 1.3

Name: Moore's law
Definition: Number of transistors on a chip double every 18 month
Page: 28
Section: 3.1

Name: Nathan's first law
Definition: Software is a gas. It expands to fill the container holding it.
Page: 29
Section: 3.1

Name: Radio Frequency IDentification
Definition: Cheap chips, less than 0,5mm, powered by a field and sending back a unique ID by radio transponder
Page: 31
Section: 3.3
Abbreviation: RFID

Name: Microcontroller
Definition: Embedded computers, manage a device and handle user interface
Page: 33
Section: 3.4

Question: How general purpose microcontrollers differ from standard PC ?:
Answer: Cost sensitive,
Page: 34
Chapter: 1
Section: 3.4
Answer2: They usually operate in real time
Answer3: Should satisfy size and electrical constraints