Title: Theory / Unimportant / Art / Musique / Musimathics / 1 Music and Sound
Tags: fromMath mathToDef hasSeenConjDef examplesSwitchExample1 récupéré

Name: The intensity of \(p\)
Definition: The strength of the fluctuation of \(p\)
Page: 2
Chapter: 1
Section: 1.1
Variables: \(p\) a periodic pressure
Typ: decibels (dB)

Name: The onset
Definition: The time when the sound begins.
Page: 2
Chapter: 1
Section: 1.1

Name: The duration of s
Definition: The length of time we can hear the sound s.
Page: 2
Chapter: 1
Section: 1.1
Variables: s a sound

Name: The enveloppe of a sound
Definition: The characteristic way in which the intensity of a sound changes through time.
Page: 2
Chapter: 1
Section: 1.1

Name: The simple harmonic motion
Definition: The motion of a tuning fork, or a spring.
Page: 4
Chapter: 1
Section: 2.3

Name: Damping
Definition: The effect of energy dissipation on a vibrating system
Page: 8
Chapter: 1
Section: 2.5
French: amortissement

Name: A system which oscillates
Definition: A system which vibrates continuously
Page: 8
Chapter: 1
Section: 2.5

Name: western Common Music Notation system
Page: 12
Chapter: 2
Section: 1
Abbreviation: CMN

Name: Note
Definition: onset (when it starts)
Page: 12
Chapter: 2
Definition2: duration
Conjdef: Tone with

Name: Score
Definition: A temporal combination of note
Page: 12
Chapter: 2

Name: Melody
Definition: Notes performed in sequence
Page: 12
Chapter: 2

Name: Staff
Definition: The five lines of CMN.
Page: 12
Chapter: 2

Definition: An eigth note.
Page: 12
Chapter: 2

Definition: Quarter note
Page: 12
Chapter: 2

Definition: half note
Page: 12
Chapter: 2

Definition: whole note
Page: 12
Chapter: 2

Definition: the G key
Page: 12
Chapter: 2

Definition: the \(F\) key
Page: 12
Chapter: 2

Name: Pitch
Definition: The perceptual experience of frequency.
Page: 13
Chapter: 2
Section: 3
Extra: tone ?

Name: The reference pitch
Definition: A=440 Hz.
Page: 14
Chapter: 2
Section: 3.1

Name: Interval
Definition: Difference between two tones
Page: 14
Chapter: 2
Section: 3.1

Name: The unisson of \(f\)
Definition: The note with frequency \(f\)
Page: 14
Chapter: 2
Section: 3.2
Variables: \(f\) a frequency.

Name: Degree
Definition: Individual pitch of a scale
Page: 16
Chapter: 2
Section: 4

Name: Gamut
Definition: The entire range of notes reachable by an instrument or voice.
Page: 16
Chapter: 2
Section: 4.1

Name: flat
Definition: Lowers by a semitone
Page: 21
Chapter: 2
Section: 5.3
Notation: ♭
French: Bémol

Name: sharp
Definition: raises by a semitone
Page: 21
Chapter: 2
Section: 5.3
Notation: #

Name: natural
Definition: Restores a previously sharped of flatted pitch to its diatonic degree.
Page: 21
Chapter: 2
Section: 5.3
Context: Music

Name: Enharmonic equivalents degrees
Definition: Two degrees which sound the same pitch.
Page: 21
Chapter: 2
Section: 5.3
Example: A#, Bi♭

Name: Double sharp
Definition: Raises the degree by two semitones.
Page: 21
Chapter: 2
Section: 5.3

Name: Double flat
Definition: Lower the degree by two semitones.
Page: 21
Chapter: 2
Section: 5.3
Notation: ♭♭

Name: Transposed scale
Definition: The scale started from a degree distinct from C.
Page: 22
Chapter: 2
Section: 5.4

Name: Key signature
Definition: The association between a key, and the accidental required to start a major or minor scale.
Page: 22
Chapter: 2
Section: 5.5

Name: Harmonic minor scale
Definition: Semitones intervals: 2,1,2,2,1,3,1
Page: 23
Chapter: 2
Section: 5.7

Name: Melodic minor scale
Definition: 2,1,2,2,2,2,1 ascending
Page: 24
Chapter: 2
Section: 5.7
Definition2: 2,1,2,2,1,2,2 descending
Conjdef: Semitones intervals

Name: Hungarian minor
Definition: Semitones intervals: 2,1,3,1,1,3,1
Page: 25
Chapter: 2
Section: 5.7

Name: Whole tone scale
Definition: Semitones intervals: 2,2,2,2,2,2
Page: 25
Chapter: 2
Section: 5.7

Name: Duration
Definition: The number of beat a note last.
Page: 26
Chapter: 2
Section: 6

Name: A measure
Definition: A group of beats
Page: 26
Chapter: 2
Section: 6
Context: Music theory

Name: Onset
Definition: The moment stipulated by the score for a note to begin, in beats from the beginning of the score
Page: 26
Chapter: 2
Section: 6

Name: Onset time
Definition: The moment a note start from the beginning of the score, in second
Page: 26
Chapter: 2
Section: 6

Name: Metronom mark
Definition: Indication of which duration symbol gets the beat and how many beats there are per minute
Page: 26
Chapter: 2
Section: 6.1

Name: Tempo
Definition: Number of beats per minute
Page: 26
Chapter: 2
Section: 6.1

Name: Time signature
Definition: Indicates that there are \(a\) beats, and each bits is one \(b\)-th of a whole note.
Page: 27
Chapter: 2
Section: 6.3
Context: Musique notation
Notation: \(\begin{array}{l}a\\b\end{array}\) or \(a/b\)
Assuming: \(b\) is a power of two and \(a>0\)

Question: Time signature 4/4 stresses
Answer: first beat mostly, and 3rd beat less
Page: 27
Chapter: 2
Section: 6.3

Question: Time signature 3/4 stresses
Answer: first beat mostly and third beat less
Page: 27
Chapter: 2
Section: 6.3

Name: Dynamic range
Definition: The range from the softest to loudest sound of an instrument
Page: 27
Chapter: 2
Section: 7

Name: pianississimo
Definition: As soft as possible
Page: 28
Chapter: 2
Section: 7
Notation: ppp

Name: Mezzo piano
Definition: Moderately soft
Page: 28
Chapter: 2
Section: 7
Abbreviation: mp

Name: Cues
Definition: Triangle increasing or decreasing, indicating gradual change to the loudness
Page: 28
Chapter: 2
Section: 7

Name: Musical timbre
Definition: A type of instrument to be played/instrument's sound quality
Page: 28
Chapter: 2
Section: 8

Name: Fundamental
Definition: The lowest pitched partial
Page: 29
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.1

Name: Overtones
Definition: The partials apart from the fundamental
Page: 29
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.1

Name: Spectra
Definition: The energy distribution of a waveform in frequency.
Page: 30
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.3
Context: Music

Name: harmonic spectrum
Definition: A spectrum such that all magnitude are integer multiples of the fundamental
Page: 31
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.3

Name: Dynamic spectrum
Definition: Evolution of the spectrum through time
Page: 31
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.3

Name: Static spectrum
Definition: Averaging the amplitude of each partial of \(t\) separately through time.
Page: 34
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.4
Variables: \(t\) a tone
Typ: amplitude vs frequency

Name: Amplitude envelop of \(t\)
Definition: Averaging the amplitude of all partials of \(t\), together separately through time.
Page: 34
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.4
Variables: \(t\) a tone
Typ: amplitude vs time

Name: Sustain
Definition: The period where the energy dissipated matches the exciting force.
Page: 34
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.4

Name: Decay
Definition: The period between attack and sustain.
Page: 36
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.4

Name: Release
Definition: The final portion of the sound from the moment no more energy is injected into the instrument until all energy is dissipated and it becomes silent.
Page: 34
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.4

Name: Band
Definition: Range of frequencies within a spectrum.
Page: 34
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.5

Name: Bandwidth
Definition: Distance between upper and lower frequency limits of a sound.
Page: 36
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.5

Name: Band center
Definition: The mean frequency.
Page: 36
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.5

Name: Resonnance at \(f\)
Definition: Efficient at producing the frequency \(f\).
Page: 36
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.5
Variables: \(f\) a frequency

Name: A formant
Definition: A group of frequencies of some particular bandwidth that is emphasized by a resonant system
Page: 36
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.5

Name: Equal-Tempered semitone
Definition: 1.05946.
Page: 42
Chapter: 3
Section: 2.2

Name: Just interval
Definition: A ratio of small whole numbers (or intervals very close).
Page: 43
Chapter: 3

Name: Cent
Definition: One hundrendth of equal-tempered semi-tone, that is \(\sqrt[1200]{2}\).
Page: 45
Chapter: 3
Section: 4

Question: The pentatonic scale is constructed as follow, given C:
Answer: 4/3 of C is F
Page: 45
Chapter: 3
Answer2: 5/4 of C is G
Answer3: 3/4 of G (15/16 of C) is D
Answer4: 5/4 of D (75/64 of C) is A.

Name: The Pythagorean Diatonic scale
Definition: Construct the pentatonic scale CDFGA
Page: 49
Chapter: 3
Section: 8
Definition2: Down a fourth from A is E
Definition3: Up a fifth from E is B
DefType: Scale constructed as follow:

Name: Pythagorean Dodecaphonic Scale
Definition: Starting from C: take \(\left(\frac 32\right)^{i}C\) for \(-6\le i\le 6\) to generate the fifth above and below C. Multiply by a power of 2 in order to be in one octave.
Page: 52
Chapter: 3
Section: 9.1
Conjdef: created as follow
DefType: The scale

Name: Wolf fifth
Definition: The fifth between B and Gb in Pythagorean Dodecaphonic Scale.
Page: 53
Chapter: 3
Section: 9.1
French: La quinte du loup

Name: Pythagorean diatonic semitone
Definition: \(\frac{256}{243}\)
Page: 53
Chapter: 3
Section: 9.1
Definition2: difference between three octaves and five just fifths
Name2: Limma

Name: Pythagorean chromatic semitone
Definition: The difference between four perfect octaves and seven just fifths
Page: 53
Chapter: 3
Section: 9.1
Definition2: \(\frac{2187}{2048}\)
Name2: apotome

Name: A disonnant interval
Definition: An interval which does not sounds well together.
Page: 56
Chapter: 3
Section: 10

Name: Precession time of \(p\) and \(q\)
Definition: The time required for the waveform of an interval to coincide. That is, if they are function of time, \(p(t)\sim q(t)\) and \(p'(t)\sim q'(t)\)
Page: 57
Chapter: 3
Section: 10.1
Variables: \(p,q\) two periodic process

Name: A superpaticular ratio
Definition: A ratio of the form \((q,q+1)\).
Page: 48
Chapter: 3
Section: 7

Name: A \(p\)-limit scale
Definition: Each interval in a scale is constructed using ratio whose prime dividors are at most \(p\).
Page: 60
Chapter: 3
Section: 10.1
Variables: \(p\) a prime
Example: 5
Applied to: Natural scales

Name: Tone's spectral envelope
Definition: Magnitude, given frequency and time
Page: 34
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.3
Variables: \(t\) a tone

Question: The ratio of the major triad:
Answer: 4:5:6
Page: 62
Chapter: 3
Section: 10.3

Name: The ratio of the minor triad
Definition: \(\frac 54:\frac 65:\frac 43\).
Page: 62
Chapter: 3
Section: 10.3

Name: The geometric mean of \(x\) and \(y\)
Definition: \(\sqrt{xy}\).
Page: 64
Chapter: 3
Section: 10.3
Variables: \(x,y\) numbers

Name: Well tempered tuning system
Definition: A tuning system that temper at least some interval, or that have reasonably equal-sized semitones.
Page: 69
Chapter: 3
Section: 13.2
Extra: Saut chapitre 4

Question: A quiet room's loudness is
Answer: 40 dB.
Page: 3
Chapter: 1
Section: 1.1

Question: Human can hear from
Answer: 17Hz
Page: 3
Chapter: 1
Section: 1.1

Question: Human can hear to
Answer: 17000 Hz
Page: 3
Chapter: 1
Section: 1.1

Name: The tonic
Definition: Degree 1 of the diatonic scale
Page: 17
Chapter: 2
Section: 4.2

Name: The supertonic
Definition: Degree 2 of the diatonic scale
Page: 17
Chapter: 2
Section: 4.2

Name: The mediant
Definition: Degree 3 of the diatonic scale
Page: 17
Chapter: 2
Section: 4.2

Name: The subdominant
Definition: Degree 4 of the diatonic scale
Page: 17
Chapter: 2
Section: 4.2
Etymology: The tonic is it's dominant

Name: The dominant
Definition: Degree 5 of the diatonic scale
Page: 17
Chapter: 2
Section: 4.2
Context: Musique

Name: The submedian
Definition: Degree 6 of the diatonic scale
Page: 17
Chapter: 2
Section: 4.2
Name2: The superdominant
French: Sus-dominante
Etymology: Mid way between tonic and sub-dominant
One tone above dominant

Name: The leading
Definition: Degree 7 of the major diatonic scale
Page: 17
Chapter: 2
Section: 4.2

Name: The subtonic
Definition: Degree 7 of the (natural minor) diatonic scale
Page: 17
Chapter: 2
Section: 4.2

Question: Interval between tonic and supertonic ?
Answer: Tone
Page: 17
Chapter: 2
Section: 4.2

Question: Interval between supertonic and Mediant ?
Answer: Tone
Page: 17
Chapter: 2
Section: 4.2

Question: Interval between mediant and subdominant ?
Answer: half-tone
Page: 17
Chapter: 2
Section: 4.2

Question: Interval between subdominant and dominant ?
Answer: tone
Page: 17
Chapter: 2
Section: 4.2

Question: Interval between dominant and submediant ?
Answer: tone
Page: 17
Chapter: 2
Section: 4.2

Question: Interval between submediant and subtonic ?
Answer: half a tone
Page: 17
Chapter: 2
Section: 4.2

Question: Interval between subtonic and tonic ?
Answer: Half-tone
Page: 17
Chapter: 2
Section: 4.2

Name: Ionian mode
Definition: Mode starting on degree 1
Page: 20
Chapter: 2
Section: 5
Name2: Major mode

Name: Dorian mode
Definition: Mode starting on degree 2
Page: 20
Chapter: 2
Section: 5

Name: Phrygian mode
Definition: Mode starting on degree 3
Page: 20
Chapter: 2
Section: 5

Name: Lydian mode
Definition: Mode starting on degree 4
Page: 20
Chapter: 2
Section: 5

Name: Mixolydian mode
Definition: Mode starting on degree 5
Page: 20
Chapter: 2
Section: 5

Name: Aeolian mode
Definition: Mode starting on degree 6
Page: 20
Chapter: 2
Section: 5
Name2: Minor mode

Name: Lochrian mode
Definition: Mode starting on degree 7
Page: 20
Chapter: 2
Section: 5

Definition: Common time, four quarters per measure
Page: 27
Chapter: 2
Section: 6.2

Name: Whole rest
Page: 26
Chapter: 2
Section: 6.2
Index: 3
Kind: Table

Name: Half rest
Page: 26
Chapter: 2
Section: 6.2
Context: music partition
Index: 3
Kind: Table

Name: Quarter rest
Page: 26
Chapter: 2
Section: 6.2
Index: 3
Kind: Table

Name: Eighth rest
Page: 26
Chapter: 2
Section: 6.2
Index: 3
Kind: Table

Name: Sixteenth rest
Page: 26
Chapter: 2
Section: 6.2
Index: 3
Kind: Table

Name: Sixteenth note
Page: 26
Chapter: 2
Section: 6.2
Index: 3
Kind: Table

Name: Syntonic comma
Definition: 81/80
Page: 51
Chapter: 3
Section: 8
Intuition: The difference between two second major and a third major

Name: A consonant interval
Definition: An interval which sounds well together.
Page: 56
Chapter: 3
Section: 10

Name: pianissimo
Definition: Very soft
Page: 28
Chapter: 2
Section: 7
Notation: pp

Name: piano
Definition: Soft
Page: 28
Chapter: 2
Section: 7
Context: Musical partition
Abbreviation: p

Name: mezzo forte
Definition: Moderately loud
Page: 28
Chapter: 2
Section: 7
Abbreviation: mf

Name: forte
Definition: Loud
Page: 28
Chapter: 2
Section: 7
Notation: f

Name: fortissimo
Definition: Very loud
Page: 28
Chapter: 2
Section: 7
Notation: ff

Name: fortississimo
Definition: As loud as possible
Page: 28
Chapter: 2
Section: 7
Notation: fff

Name: Tone
Definition: pitch
Page: 12
Chapter: 2
Definition2: musical loudness
Conjdef: all of
Definition3: timbre

Name: Pythagorean comma
Definition: Ratio of the Pythagorean diatonic semitone by the Pythagorean chromatic semitone.
Page: 53
Chapter: 3
Section: 9.1
Definition2: Ratio between F# and Gb in Pythagorean Dodecaphonic scale,
Definition3: Ratio between 12 fifth and 7 octave,

Name: A partial of T
Definition: frequencies
Page: 29
Chapter: 2
Section: 8
Variables: T a tone
Definition2: amplitudes
Conjdef: principally composed of
Name2: A component of T
Intuition: The individual sinusoids that collectively make an instrumental tone
DefType: A property of sound

Name: An irational
Definition: A number which is not a ratio of two integers.
Page: 64
Chapter: 3
Section: 10.3
Example: \(\sqrt2\)
Example2: \(\pi\)

Question: Theory to explain the decrease in consonances
Answer: augmenting the precession time
Page: 56
Chapter: 3
Section: 10.1
Answer2: additive dissonance
Answer3: Partitionning Dissonance

Name: Attack
Definition: initial speed of a sound, before it reaches maximum amplitude.
Page: https://material.io/design/sound/applying-sound-to-ui.html#sound-use-cases,34
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.4
Context: Material sound

Name: The frequency of \(p\)
Definition: The rate of change of \(p\)
Page: 52
Chapter: 1
Section: 1.1
Variables: \(p\) a periodic pressure
Typ: hertz

Name: A wave
Definition: An organized traveling disturbance in a medium
Page: 3
Chapter: 1
Section: 2
Variables: \(p\) a periodic pressure

Question: A wave transmits
Answer: energy
Page: 3
Chapter: 1
Section: 2
Variables: \(p\) a periodic pressure

Smaller0: the maximum acceleration occurs at \(t\)
Greater0: at time \(t\), the velocity is 0
Page: 3
Chapter: 1
Section: 2.3
Variables: \(t\) a point in time
Smaller to greater: iff
Context: a simple harmonic motion
Intermediate: at time \(t\), the motion reaches the point of maximum displacement from equilibrium
Equivalent: at time \(t\) it has a peak in potentially energy

Smaller0: at time \(t\), the acceleration is 0
Greater0: at time \(t\), the velocity is maximal
Page: 3
Chapter: 1
Section: 2.3
Variables: \(t\) a point in time
Smaller to greater: iff
Equivalent: at time \(t\), there is a peak in kinetic energy
Equivalent3: at time \(t\), the motion is at the point of equilibrium

Name: A system which vibrates
Definition: A system which moves or swings from side to side regularly
Page: 8
Chapter: 1
Section: 2.5
Variables: \(t\) a point in time
Extra: Oscillate?

Name: The octave about \(f\)
Definition: The note with frequency \(2f\)
Page: 14
Chapter: 1
Section: 3.2

Name: The perfect interval
Definition: Unison, octave
Page: 19
Chapter: 1
Section: 5
Definition2: fourth
Definition3: fifth
Intuition: Harmonic anchoring and framework

Name: The major intervals
Definition: second
Page: 19
Chapter: 1
Section: 5
Definition2: third
Definition3: sixth
Intuition: Expansive emotional color
Definition4: seventh

Name: The minor intervals
Definition: second
Page: 19
Chapter: 1
Section: 5
Definition2: third
Definition3: sixth
Intuition: Contractive emotional color
Definition4: seventh

Question: How long is an attack?
Answer: 10 to 50 ms
Page: 34
Chapter: 2
Section: 8.4

Question: Property of the Pythagorean Dodecaphonic Scale
Answer: F# is above Gb
Page: 52
Chapter: 2
Section: 9.1

Question: How to compute the mean of two intervals?
Answer: The geometric means of the interval
Page: 64
Chapter: 2
Section: 10.3
Construction: They are multiplied and not added

Name: Pentatonic scale
Definition: Scale with intervals 2, 3, 2, 2, 3
Page: 23
Chapter: 2
Section: 5.7
Applied to: On \(C\)

Question: What the pro and cons of explaining the decrease in consonance with augmenting the precession time ?
Answer: Cons: superpaticular have no advantage
Page: 56
Chapter: 3
Section: 10.1
Answer2: Cons: 7:5 should be more harmonic than 8:5 (minor sixth)

Question: What the pro and cons of explaining the decrease in consonance with: additive dissonance (numerator + denominator increase) ?
Answer: Cons: the curve is graduate up to the tritone. Hence does not allow to discriminate perfect, major and minor
Page: 56
Chapter: 3
Section: 10.1

Question: What the pro and cons of explaining the decrease in consonance with: partitionning dissonance (greater primes or powers are used) ?
Answer: Cons:major second have power of 2 and 3 and is consonnent.
Page: 56
Chapter: 3
Section: 10.1

Name: Additive dissonance
Definition: The theory that dissonance of the interval \(p/q\) increases with \(p+q\)
Page: 56
Chapter: 3
Section: 10.1

Name: Paritionning dissonance
Definition: The theory that dissonance of the interval \(p/q\) increases with the greater prime used and the power of primes
Page: 56
Chapter: 3
Section: 10.1

Name: Harmony
Definition: The study of notes performed simultaneously.
Page: 12
Chapter: 2