Title: Theory / Unimportant / Human / Philosophy / Science / VSI n/2-2
Tags: examplesSwitchExample1

Question: How is science taught today ?
Answer: ahistorically. Presenting what is finally found, and not the way to find it first
Page: 2

Last name: Copernic(us)
First name: Nicolas
Known for: Suggesting sun is the center of the universe, and not earth in 17th century
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Page: 3
Chapter: 1

Last name: Kepler
First name: Johannes
Known for: Planets move in ellipse, the form of the ellipse, and the speed of planet at different point of the ellipse
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Page: 3
Chapter: 1

Last name: Galilei
First name: Galileo
Known for: Improving telescope, allowing to support Copernic
Book: Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
Honor: "vehemently suspect of heresy"
Book2: Two new sciences
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Page: 3
Known for 2: Understanding that the speed of fall is independant of the mass, at least in empty
Chapter: 1
Known for3: Stating importance of experiment to know truth

Last name: Newton
First name: Isaac
Known for: three laws of motion
Book: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy 1687
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Page: 7
Known for 2: principle of universal gravitation
Chapter: 1

Name: philosophy of science
Definition: analyse the methods of enquiry used in the various sciences.
Page: 12
Chapter: 1
Section: What is philosophy of science?

Question: What question, philosopher of science will ask and not scientist
Answer: After doing the same experiment multiple time, with the same result, scientist will assume the same result will still occur. philosopher may question this assumption
Page: 12
Chapter: 1
Section: What is philosophy of science?

Question: Why do most scientist ignore philosophy of science
Answer: Science is specialized, and those questions are not their specialty
Page: 13
Chapter: 1
Section: What is philosophy of science?

Last name: Popper
First name: Karl
Known for: thought that the fundamental feature of a scientific theory is that it should be falsifiable.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Page: 13
Chapter: 1
Section: What is philosophy of science?

Name: A falsifiable theory
Definition: A theory which makes some definite predictions that are capable of being tested against experience.
Page: 13
Chapter: 1
Section: Science and pseudo-science
Example: general relativity

Name: Pseudo science (according to Popper)
Definition: A non-falsifiable theory
Page: 13
Chapter: 1
Section: Science and pseudo-science
Example: Freud's psychoanalytic theory
Example2: Marx's theory of history

Question: Why is Popper's condition not perfect to determine science
Answer: Newton's law of planetary motion is considered as a science. It predicted orbit of Uranus, but the real orbit was not the same. Finding a new planet was mandatory to retablish the prediction
Page: 13
Chapter: 1
Section: Science and pseudo-science

Definition: Given the elements above the line, deduce the one below
Page: 18
Chapter: 2
Variables: A, B, C properties
Notation: A
B
--------------
C

Name: The premise(s) of
A
B
--------------
C
Definition: A and B
Page: 18
Chapter: 2
Variables: A, B, C properties
Context: A
B
--------------
C

Name: The conclusion(s) of
A
B
--------------
C
Definition: C
Page: 18
Chapter: 2
Variables: A, B, C properties
Context: A
B
--------------
C

Name: A entails B
Definition: When A is true, B must be true
Page: 18
Chapter: 2
Variables: A, B, C properties

Name: Inference
Definition: moving from premisses about objects we have examined to conclusions about objects we haven't examined
Page: 19
Chapter: 2
Variables: A, B, C properties
Example: 5 eggs are rotten, the 6th is also rotten
Example2: When you turn the steering wheel of your car anticlockwise, you assume the car will go to the left not the right.

Smaller0: having evidence
Greater0: having proof
Page: 23
Chapter: 2
Smaller to greater: is less good than
Greater to smaller: is better than

Name: Proof
Definition: A way to ensure that something is true, in all possible world, without a doubt
Page: 22
Chapter: 2
Context: Epistemology

Name: Evidence
Definition: A way to increase the trust we have in something
Page: 22
Chapter: 2
Context: Epystemology

Question: How to convince someone not using induction to use it.
Answer: According to Hume, it is impossible
Page: 24
Chapter: 2
Section: Hume's problem

Name: Uniformity of nature (Hume)
Definition: the assumption that objects we haven't examined will be similar, in the relevant respects, to objects of the same sort that we have examined
Page: 24
Chapter: 2
Section: Hume's problem
Abbreviation: UN (Hume)

Question: Answer to Hume's problem
Answer: Use probability
Page: 28
Chapter: 2
Section: Hume's problem
Answer2: accept induction as a fundamental tool, not explained

Name: inference to the best explanation
Definition: Most plausible way to account for the available data, assuming the least number of principle.
Page: 30
Chapter: 2
Context: Epystemology
Example: Theory of evolution, argued from ressemblance between Horse and Zebra's leg.
Abbreviation: IBE

Name: The probability of \(A\)
Definition: The proportions of times A occurs
Page: 34
Chapter: 2
Section: Probability and induction
Variables: A an event
Definition2: The personal certainty that A holds
Conjdef: Either

Question: Why does probability have two distinct definitions ?
Answer: Because both can mathematically be studied using the same tools and axioms
Page: 35
Chapter: 2
Section: Probability and induction